F. Leverett — Correlation of Moraines, etc. 28 1 



Aet. XXXY. — On the Correlation of Moraines with Raised 

 Beaches of Lake Erie ; by Feank Levekett. 



The observations recorded in this paper, and its accompany- 

 ing maps, were made for the United States Geological Survey 

 during the field seasons of 1889, 1890 and 1891, and are here 

 published by permission, in advance of the official report. In 

 the prosecution of the work I have had the constant super- 

 vision of Pres. T. C. Chamberlin to whose guidance in the 

 study of the glacial phenomena I am greatly indebted. 1 have 

 also received valuable suggestions from Mr. G. K. Gilbert 

 which have been of service in the study of the beach lines. 



Before entering upon the discussion of the beaches and 

 their correlative moraines a few remarks are necessary as to 

 the evidences of lakes or inland seas in the drift covered por- 

 tions of Ohio, south of the well defined beach lines, during 

 the closing stages of glaciation. In early publications on the 

 drift of Ohio, and also of adjacent States, glacial phenomena 

 such as osars, kames, moraines of gravelly constitution, and 

 overwash gravel aprons bordering moraines, were appealed to 

 in support of a hypothesis of submergence of the land dur- 

 ing the closing stages of the glacial epoch, and a recent publi- 

 cation in this Journal includes with the beaches of Michigan, 

 certain moraines and their overwash gravel aprons.* That 

 such phenomena do not demand a submergence is now quite 

 generally conceded by glacialists, and in the district in ques- 

 tion they have been found to be independent of lacustrine 

 conditions. 



Throughout the part of Ohio along and south of the conti- 

 nental watershed, and in northern Indiana and southern Michi- 

 gan where these deposits of assorted drift occur, the moraine- 

 headed terraces, which follow the principal streams, show 

 clearly that the land had such an altitude at the time the ice 

 was forming its moraines as to afford good drainage for the 

 waters issuing from the ice margin. 



Instead of a depression of the land in the later episodes of 

 the drift deposition in the eastern Mississippi basin, such as is 

 taught by the early writers, there was a greater altitude than 

 in the earlier stages This subject has been thoroughly con- 

 sidered by Pres. Chamberlin in a paper before the A. A. A. S. 

 at the recent meeting in Washington, and his paper is already 

 published in full in the American Geologist.f 



* High Level Shores in the region of the Great Lakes and their Deformation, 

 J. W. Spencer, this Journal, March, 1891, pp. 209-10. 



f The altitude of the eastern and central portions of the United States during 

 the Glacial Period, T. C. Chamberlin, Am. Geol., Nov., 1891. 



