with Raised Beaches of Lake Erie. 



239 



while its neighbors are composed of clay, or a portion of a 

 knoll may be sand and the remainder clay, the whole being 

 molded together into a symmetrical knoll like the gravel and 

 till in ordinary kames. A few knolls contain gravel but as a 

 rule pebbles are rare and no surface bowlders or large pebbles 

 are observed. The clays are very calcareous and abound in 

 nodules in nearly every exposure. This variable structure 

 characterizes the superficial portion ' of the ridge only. At a 

 depth of about 15 feet stony till sets in which does not differ 

 perceptibly from that in the portion of the moraine further 

 east which was formed above the level of the lake water. 



Scale 



& i i i 1 T. 



Fig. 2. Map of a portion of Hancock, Putnam, Henry and Wood Counties, 

 Ohio, showing the junction of the Van Wert beach and its correlative, the BloMchard 

 moraine. 



Explanation of Map. — An attempt is made to represent the topography graph- 

 ically, the beaches being indicated by steps or benches cut in the plain, and the 

 moraine by curved lines representing its billowy and irregular surface. The letters 

 indicate villages and cities as follows: (Rd.) RidgelaDd; (D) Deshler; (NB.) 

 North Baltimore ; (Y) Van Bunm; (S) Stuartville; (M) McComb; (Pv.) Pickens- 

 ville; (0) Ottawa; (G) Gilboa; (CG) Columbus Grove ; (P) Pandora (Pendleton) ; 

 (W) Webster ; (R) Rawson ; (BR) Benton Ridge. 



Such is the character of the moraine for a distance of ten 

 or twelve miles. About three miles northwest from Leipsic 

 the Leipsic or second beach crosses the moraine and from 

 there northwestward the moraine has a comparatively smooth 

 surface the result of wave action subsequent to the retreat of 

 the ice. 



The portion of the moraine of especial interest is the knob 

 and basin tract, above described. If my interpretation be cor- 



