Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. XXXVII, Jan., 1914. 



Plate 



3LCANO I VOLATILE AND AERIAL I ™ T =, 



I a. i. Burning gases- true flames. 2. Transparent bluish vapor. I rtrKIL /V 



OMBOLl S h /'■ Opaque vapor cloud - the while ..panache ». \ 19 7. 



•/ °-\2. Light explosive effects - puffs, rings, vortices. \ • ' I • 



' /I. Strong explosive effects — aerial concussion. 



VOLCANO 



str 



- MAY 



VOLCANO 



STROMBOii , 



VOLATILE AND AERIAL 

 :. 1 . Burning gases - true flames. 2. Transparent bluish vapor, 



/l. Opaque vapor cloud - the white « panache ». 

 '\2. Light explosive effects - puffs, rings, vortices. 



/l. Strong explosive effects — aerial concussion. 

 '12. Subterranean detonation. 3 Catastrophic explosion. 



I DATE 



JVlY — AU6. 



3. 



Thread-lace «1 



jets. 2. Pele's 

 imu». 4. Pele's 



Hair 

 Tear 



■dr 



ops. 



.A 



■/ I- 



'I .1, 



Bombs & 



sand. 2. Lapill 

 figured projec 



i &s 

 tiles. 





■tae. 



ss 



/• 



1. Pumice 



. 2. Nuees ardentes. 







-flows. i.Lavalakes. 

 £.The « Crater-glow » — pseutfo flame, 

 flow f i.pahoehoe. . 

 ~] (/.Outflow, lateral venlsl a, a-a type. 



trusion -Spines, domes, etc. 



thquakes^2. Concomitant. 

 3. Consecutive. 

 Transient. 2. Persistent. 

 of volcanic causation. 



DIAGRAM CHART 



(Ferret system) 



of Volcanic Activity 



{Physical) 



b. Translocation 



bsidence, collapse. 1. Terminal 2. Lat, 

 3. Subsurface. 

 ( 1. Hot ash flows & dry avalanches. 



Jnter-crateric slides. 3. Mud lavas. 

 Landslides of volcanic causation. 



OBSERVER 



PERRET. 



VOLCANO VOLATILE AND AERIAL DATE 



I a. 1. Burning gases - true flames. 2. Transparent bluish vapor. 1 M ARC H ~ A? Ri L 



T /VA / h > l - P a q ue va P° r cfoud - the whlte «panache». V iQ . 



/ c -\2. Light explosive effects - puffs, rings, vortices'. X ' ' * 



— * (i. Strong explosive effects — aerial concussion. > 



DIAGRAM CHART 



(Perret system) 



of Volcanic Activity 



{Physical) 



idence, collapse. 1. Terminal 

 3. Subsurface. 



Hot ash floivs & dry avafanches. 

 . Inter-cralenc slides. 3. Mud lavas. 

 Landslides of volcanic causation. 



r observe: 

 PZRRBT 



