328 C. Schuchert and B. S. Lull— 



mastodon was covered in the course of time by 5 feet of ground, 

 4 feet of which is modified glacial clay. The animal was 

 therefore buried by the inwash of about 4 feet of glacial clay, 

 since which time about 18 inches of turf has accumulated. 



As the skeleton was entombed shortly after the van- 

 ishing of the "Wisconsin ice sheet in the highlands about 

 Farmington, one gets from the evidence given a hint of the 

 recentness of these two sets of phenomena. The washing of 

 the clay into the depression could have occurred in a few 

 hundred years, and the stringy turf apparently did not take 

 much more time to form. Then, too, the skeleton shows 

 no mineralization nor petrifaction and is but little discolored 

 to a light brown by the waters of the swamp. Further, the 

 several skeletons found about Newburgh, New York (chiefly 

 the Warren skeleton of the American Museum of Natural 

 History and the Otisville specimen at Yale) look like bones 

 buried but a few hundred years. Both of these mastodons 

 were buried in a shell marl, a preservative of bones, but still 

 not a single shell species of which the marl is composed is 

 extinct, according to the great conchologist Gould (whoidentified 

 Limned galbana, Planorbis parvus, Yalvata tricarinata, Am- 

 nicola' galbana, and Oyclas galbana). The Warren mastodon lay 

 in the marl of a small pond not over 40 feet in diameter, covered 

 by a foot of red moss and 2 feet of peat bog. The entire 

 skeleton lay in articulate position and was so well preserved 

 that it was dug out by inexperienced men in two days. Further- 

 more, between the ribs lay from 4 to 6 bushels of vegetable 

 food, largely coniferous and much like spruce or hemlock. 



Did man and Mammut americanum live together in America? 

 — Can it be that Mammut americanum vanished from 

 Connecticut within a thousand or at most a few thousand years 

 and yet was unknown to the North American Indians? If 

 the prehistoric Indians knew and helped to exterminate these 

 animals, and as they were the makers of neolithic implements, 

 why do we not find ivory in their graves ? 



In this connection it should not be forgotten that John M. 

 Clarke in 1887 dug up at Attica, Wyoming county, New York, 

 bones of Mammut americanum associated with pottery and 

 charcoal. Not much of the skeleton was present and the bones 

 lay but 2 - 5 feet beneath the "natural surface." Associated 

 with them (ribs) were "four small fragments of charcoal" 

 while in another part of the diggings beneath all (4 feet) of the 

 vegetable muck and lying upon " compact laminated clay " 

 " was found a fragment of pottery, and from beneath and around 

 it were taken about thirty fragments of thoroughly burned 

 charcoal. These traces of ancient man were found fully 12 

 •inches further down from the natural surface of the ground 



