Lisbon — Permian Geology of Northern Brazil. 427 



vicinity of Caxias, and then crossed the northern part of 

 Piauhy by way of Livramento, Campo Maior, and Peripiri. I 

 then passed the Serra Geral, S. JBenedicto, and finally Vicosa 

 and Camocim in Ceara. 



My assistant, Mr. Banmann, went up the Mearim to Pedrei- 

 ras and Barra do Corda and reached Grajahu, where we had 

 arranged to meet. From there, crossing the plateau which 

 forms the watershed of the Pindare, he examined the lowlands 

 of the Tocantins at Carolina, and turning to the east reached 

 the headwaters of the Parnahyba at Riachao and the Balsas at 



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Santo Antonio. He then crossed the plateaus which flank the 

 Chapada das Mangabeiras and form the divide between the 

 Parnahyba and the Tocantins rivers, crossing the rivers Manoel 

 Alves Grande and Manoel Alves Pequeno and reaching Pedro 

 Affonso and Porto Nacional, in Goyaz, from which place he 

 followed down the Tocantins to Para. 



This exploration led to the discovery of a great many local- 

 ities where Psaronius occurs in the states of Maranhao, Pianhy, 

 and Goyaz, and consequently to the verification of the presence 

 of an extensive Permo-Carboniferous zone in these northern 

 states. And at the same time it was not only possible to ob- 

 serve in detail the structure of the upper Permian, but also to 

 recognize another series of sediments between that horizon and 

 the Cretaceous which is indicated by the presence of silicified 



