446 G. D. Hubbard — Finger Lake Bed in Ohio. 



body of water which formerly occupied the lake plain and 

 constructed the beach features. The water lay in very mature, 

 pre-glacial, rock, valleys converging southward and uniting at 

 Funk. The lake had two northern arms ; the western lying 

 northwestward toward Ashland ; the eastern nearly northward 

 toward West Salem, a town some three miles beyond the 

 limits of the map (fig. 1). These arms united where the pre- 

 glacial valleys joined. The southern extension of the lake 

 was the broadest portion. This and the eastern arm constituted 

 together a lake having a length of 18-19 miles, and a width 

 varying from three-quarters of a mile to more than two miles. 

 Several large rock islands and some moraine hills rose above 

 the water in the southern half. This southern extremity lay 

 among the morainic hills and against the rock walls of the 

 great, mature, pre-glacial valley in the vicinity of Custaloga, 

 at the junction of the Lorain, Ashland and Southern railroad 

 with the Pennsylvania line. 



Deltas and Beaches. — That such a lake really existed is 

 abundantly attested by the constructional work it left behind. 

 The shoreline can be traced nearly continuously along the 

 eastern side of the valley from Custaloga northward past 

 Blachley ville and Reedsburg, to Pleasant Home. The western 

 shoreline can be traced northward past Craigton to Funk ; and 

 here it bears off northwestward, following the western arm to 

 points a mile or so east of Ashland and even farther. 



The beaches are usually sandy, occasionally pebbly ; stratifi- 

 cation is rarely discernible but may once have been more gen- 

 erally present. In general not only structure and material but 

 even form are present to establish the identity. A little ter- 

 race is the customary manifestation (rarely a cliff above it) : 

 and below the terrace top a slope, becoming gentler downward, 

 descends to the plain level. On this slope the sands of the 

 beach grade into finer and finer material until the clays and 

 imperfect drainage conditions are reached. In some places 

 where either the conditions for construction were unfavorable, 

 or those for removal were good, no beach could be found. A 

 number of little cliffs, now much weathered, occur on the 

 drift hillsides near the southern end. 



Lake clays are exposed in the bottom of the plain in a num- 

 ber of places, fine and very pure in the central part, more 

 sandy toward the north end, and more heterogeneous toward 

 the southern end. Much beside clays lies in the valleys below 

 the lake plain. The upper parts of the valley walls now 

 exposed rise about 1 foot in 20 or between 2° and 3°. If the 

 walls continue below the present lake plain level at the same 

 angle until they meet, the rock valleys are filled 50-100 feet 

 deep in the narrower northern part and 200 feet in the broader 



