G. D. Hubbard — Finger Lake Bed in Ohio. 447 



part near Funk and southward. Wells are shallow all through 

 the lake plain. Only one was found that reached rock and in 

 this the depth to rock could not be ascertained. Material 

 passed through was peaty at the top, clays and sands below, 

 with hard-pan (drift) and gravel on the rock. This material is 

 said to be very thick. 



Rather well-marked and extensive deltas occur at the upper 

 ends of the lake bed wherever streams flowed into the lake. 

 These are now much dissected by their builders because the 

 lake has disappeared and given them a lower local base-level. 

 These are discussed more fully in the next two sections. 



Upper Ashland Ann Probably Separated by Moraine. — 

 Considerable areas of delta sands occur east and northeast of 

 Ashland where Town Run and Long Creek entered the lake. 

 A number of moraine hummocks 3-4 miles northeast of Ash- 

 land and beyond the delta deposits have been worked over by 

 water, with the sorting out and removal to lower levels, of the 

 clays. These hummocks, now capped with sands and gravel 

 too coarse to have been washed off, still rise generally above 

 1000 feet, and occasionally above 1020 feet. Orange Creek 

 also built a small delta into this northwestern extremity of the 

 lake just west of the present site of Nankin. Its surface is 

 about 1010 feet high. Katotawa Creek also built a small delta 

 into the lake two to three miles north of England, bringing its 

 materials from the thick drift deposits of the Wabash moraine. 

 These deltaic deposits and forms in the Ashland arm of the 

 lake are 20 to 30 feet lower than those on the West Salem 

 arm, and this fact, together with the presence of the big 

 moraine loops across the valley at Jeromevilie and England, 

 strongly suggests that the waters from the former town north- 

 westward were separate, through most of the lake history, 

 from those in the main body. A youthful valley 50-60 feet 

 deep through the morainic loop at Jeromevilie now connects 

 the upper portion with the lower or main basin. The upper 

 portion was shallower and more cut up by moraines and irregu- 

 larities of shoreline, hence its shore features are less distinct 

 and poorly developed. Possibly its overflow was at one time 

 northwestward to the Vermillion River, but this seems doubt- 

 ful and certainly indeterminate at present. 



The Eastern Arm. — In the eastern or West Salem arm 

 extensive deltas were built by streams flowing directly from 

 the edge of the ice and heavily laden with waste. They are of 

 typical delta structure with foreset and topset beds now visible 

 in exposures made by excavations for commercial gravel. Here, 

 as in the Ashland arm, the deltas seem to have been built out 

 into the water over moraine topography and among moraine 

 islands, for beneath the stratified deltaic material the unstrati- 

 fied drift was seen in several places. 



Am. Jour. Sci.— Fourth Series, Vol. XXXVII, No. 221.— May, 1914. 

 31 



