248 Peters and Sauchelli — Succinic Acid as a Standard. 



In III, IV and V of Table I are shown the results obtained 

 by adding 10 cc ammonia of normality 0*524 to succinic acid, 

 4*0046 grams per liter, normality 0*3392. The breaks in the 

 graphs show the neutral points to be at the addition of 15*6 CC 

 of acid, whicli would give the ammonia a normality of 0*525. 

 The normality obtained by comparison of sulphuric acid was 

 0*5292. To get the normality of the ammonia solution by use 

 of cochineal two determinations were made using, in all, 60 co 

 of ammonia against 111*2 C0 of succinic acid, the individual 

 determinations varying as much as 20 per cent. These gave 

 the normality of the ammonia as 0*377. The results are sum- 

 marized in Table II whicli follows : 



Table II. 



Normality of ammonia water 

 calculated as designated : 



Ammonia 

 Sol. used 

 Graphs cc. 



Succinic Electro- 

 Acid Sol. Normality titrarnet. 

 used Succinic Acid Succinic 

 cc, cc. Acid 



Phelps 



and 



Hubbard 



I&II 



III, IV, & V 



10 

 10 



8*13 aver. 

 15*6 aver. 



0*1525 

 0*33922 



0*1240 

 0*525 



0*1224 

 0*5292 



0*131 

 0-377 



The figures show that the results obtained by standardizing 

 ammonia water against mineral acid in presence of methyl 

 orange agree quite closely with the standards obtained by the 

 use of succinic acid electro-titrametrically, but no standard of 

 value could be obtained by the action of succinic acid on 

 ammonia in the presence of cochineal as described by Phelps 

 and Hubbard. 



Departments of General and Agricultural Chemistry and Physics, 

 Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst. 



