Wood — Effects in MoTcuaweoweo of the Eruption of 19 lip. 387 



walls. These remaining parts were bounded against the cen- 

 tral depression by low cliffs which soon wedged out from the 

 crater margin toward the center. But enough remained in 

 these end portions to indicate the location and former course of 

 the cliff of the north lunate platform. 



Here the up-building of the floor of the main crater amounted 

 to a value much in excess of 50 feet (about 15*2 meters), at the 

 very least, over a considerable part if not all of the floor at the 

 north. For, in 1913, it no longer was anything like so much 

 as 125 feet (about 45 - 7 meters) from the new surface on the 

 site of the north lunate platform up to the edge of the north- 

 east platform. While no definite figure can be given, the 

 difference was largely due to upbuilding, for it was true every- 

 where along the course of the cliff. But in part it may have 

 been due to minor fault-block movements, — for at some time 

 which we must presume later than the survey since there is no 

 hint of it on the available map (though there is indication of 

 it on a revision made in 1896 but not based on survey), a short 

 gap had been formed in the cliff of the northeast platform near 

 its west end, and through this the general level of this plat- 

 form was seen now to be lower than the cliff walls delimiting 

 it on the side of the former north lunate platform. Neverthe- 

 less, the northeast platform in 1913 still stood conspicuously 

 higher than the level of the new floor immediately south of it; 

 see fig. 4«. 



In 1913 in the southern part, where it was closely visited, 

 the floor of the central depression was formed of very coarse 

 block lava but in a general sense it seemed level. Any ten- 

 dency of this rough lava to conform to the general surface of 

 a flat cone, as is the case with the floor of Kilauea, was so 

 slight as to escape notice. 



Two cinder cones were then seen on the floor. Both were 

 "double cones," — that is, each was made up of two semi-cones 

 formed separately, but simultaneously, by the falling of cinders 

 on either side of an elongated orifice situated on a fissure sys- 

 tem which passed between the two halves. 



The larger of these cones was in the central part of the main 

 depression a little to the w r est of its N.E.-S.W. axis. The 

 gash which divided its parts was irregular and ragged. It had 

 a general N.E.-S.W. course. At the northeast this led out 

 into a small depression, 10 to 15 feet (3 to 5 meters) deep, in 

 which were seen several fusion-sculptured dome- forms rising 

 from its floor. At the S.W. end of this cone this gash swerved 

 around toward the southeast and continued as a depressed 

 channel, — quite clearly the course of flowing lava, — probably 

 formed in the closing stages of the eruption (1903) which pro- 

 duced the cone. This o;ash-channel led for some distance 



