Wood — Effects in Mokuaweoweo of the Eruption of 1914,. 401 



steam without any appreciable connection with the lava lake.* 

 Mokuaweoweo, on the other hand, as long as it was active nearly 

 always had a cloud ; and that cloud always had a noticeable 

 trunk or pillar of smoke ; the latter, as I could see from the top, 

 arose almost entirely from the fountains." f 



In 1913 the writer approached the central region of the 

 floor by way of the south lunate platform, which was reached 

 by descent from the summit plateau at a point a little north of 

 camp, over a rough talus slope which debouched onto the 

 northeast end of the platform. In 1915 this way had become 

 hazardous through the falling away of footholds near the top. 

 Hence it became advisable to approach over the northeast plat- 

 form so as to enter the main depression at its extreme northern 

 part by descent over the low cliff, only about nine or ten feet 

 (3 meters) in height, which now marks the margin of the 

 platform. 



At present the writer has no considerable knowledge of the 

 details of changes which have or may have taken place on the 

 surface of the northeast platform since 1885 ; but it is sure 

 that none were produced here in the latest eruption. 



Climbing down the low cliff by way of an a-a serac — the 

 term is used advisedly — a surface of hard, blue-black pahoehoe 

 was encountered ; but this was interrupted by patches of a-a, 

 and was traversed by long, irregular strips of a-a in a most 

 complicated way. This rough lava, also, showed the same 

 color and texture of surface. As we have seen, all this was 

 found to be lava of 1914. 



The contact of this new body was a badly fractured, irregu- 

 larly subsided, miniature block-fault zone; and the parts of 

 this immediately at the edge stood about five feet (1*6 meters) 

 below the general level of the new surface. Unquestionably 

 this fracturing and faulting took place after the new lava here 

 had solidified to a depth of many feet ; but it is not known 

 whether flowing action had ceased altogether when this 

 occurred. 



The surface texture of this new lava is unlike any type seen 

 in Kilauea. Some similar types of old date are seen about the 

 margin of Mokuaweoweo, and the identical characteristics were 

 seen in 1913 on surfaces in the south central part of the main 

 crater. 



The texture of the surface of both the pahoehoe and the a-a is 

 Haded. Long, flat, blade-shaped spiculse stand out from the 

 general surface in such a way that their long axes make slight 

 angles with it, chiefly in the direction of flow, and their short 



* While the description of Kilauean conditions given here by Dr. Fried- 

 laender does not cover the range of fuming action observed more recently — 

 stiJl the contrast he sought to emphasize does not appear to be invalidated. 

 -Ed. 



fB. Friedlaender, Mokuaweoweo in Activity, Hawaiian Annual, 1897. 



