Geology. 467 



II. Geology. 



1. Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey ; E. A. 

 Birgk, Director ; Wi. O. Hotchkiss, State Geologist. — Several 

 bulletins have recently appeared from the Wisconsin Survey, 

 including the following: 



Bulletins XXVIII-XXXII, XXXVII-XL.— These bulletins 

 are Nos. 2-6 and 7-10 of the Soil Series. The matter presented 

 is designed to aid the agriculture of the state by giving the 

 farmer a thorough knowledge of the soil with which he has to 

 deal. The work has been carried on in cooperation with the IT. S. 

 Department of Agriculture, and the result will finally be reports 

 for all counties, with series of soil maps. The first of the two vol- 

 umes now issued embraces Waushara, Waukesha and Iowa 

 counties with also the Bayfield Area and the north part of north- 

 western Wisconsin ; the second includes Fond du Lac, Juneau, 

 Kewaunee and La Crosse counties. Soil maps in pockets accom- 

 pany the volumes. 



Bulletin XXXY. Water Supplies of Wisconsin, pp. xxii, 664 ; 

 5 pis., 72 figs. — This volume gives the results of an investigation 

 of the water resources of the state, which has been carried on 

 more or less continuously since 1903. It was first undertaken by 

 A. R. Schultz of the U. S. Geological Survey, and his work, of 

 which a brief account was given in 1905 (Water Supply Paper 

 No. 114), has now been continued by Samuel Weidman for the 

 Wisconsin Survey. The report has reference not merely to water 

 for drinking purposes, bnt also that used in manufacturing, and 

 finally for irrigation and water power. As indicating the import- 

 ance of the subject, it is noted that more than one-half of the 

 population of the state in the rural districts is supplied from 

 shallow ground-water wells, and less than one-quarter, including 

 private and public uses, is obtained from artesian wells. More 

 than one-quarter of the population thus, of the large cities, get 

 their water from lakes and rivers. 



Bulletin XLIV. Mineral Land Classification. Pp. x, 378 ; 

 8 pis., 38 figs. — This bulletin is by W. O. Hotchkiss assisted by 

 E. F. Bean and O. W. Wheelwright. It describes in detail an 

 area in the northern part of the state on which no detailed geo- 

 logical work has been hitherto done, although sporadic explora- 

 tion for iron ore was early made. The general geology of the 

 region is presented, followed by two chapters on magnetic observa- 

 tions, having as their object the location of useful ores. A large 

 part of the volume gives the details of the successive sections in 

 the area under examination, with local maps. 



2. Canada, Dejyartment of Mines. — Notwithstanding the con- 

 stant drain upon the resources of Canada, due to the European 

 war, the active investigation of the geology and mineral products 

 of the Dominion goes on without interruption. 



The more important of recent publications are noted in the 

 following list (see earlier, vol. xl, pp. 87, 88). 



(1) Geological Survey Branch ; R. W. Brock, Director. Sum- 

 mary Report of the Geological Survey, Department of Mines, for 

 the calendar year 1914. Pp. viii, 201 ; 4 illustrations. 



