Obituary. 179 



ited in habitat. It is also equally necessary that the surface 

 fauna should be better known for comparison. There are at 

 present a few marine stations in the Mediterranean and North 

 Atlantic, where the study of surface life is zealously prose- 

 cuted, but it is only when the Mullers' net has been used with 

 equal zeal in the South Atlantic, the Indian ocean and Pacific, 

 that we can have a basis to work upon. An exploring ves- 

 sel on a cruise through these waters is not enough. It is a 

 reconnaissance. There must be established permanent marine 

 stations where the study will be carried on year after year 

 for a long time in one locality. 



OBITUARY. 



Ferdinand V. Hayden. — Dr. Hayden, whose death is an- 

 nounced on page 88, of the January number of this Journal, was 

 born in Westfield, Mass., in September, 1829. He was a graduate 

 of Oberlin College, Ohio, and received the degree of Doctor 

 of Medicine from the Medical School of Albany, N. Y., in 1853. 

 He was surgeon in the army during the civil war; and after it, 

 for seven years, he held the position of Professor of Mineralogy 

 and Geology in the University of Pennsylvania. 



But the larger part of his time from 1853 to the close of 1878, 

 an interval of twenty-six years, was spent in Rocky Mountain 

 exploration, in which his special work was geological ; and 

 through his labors and the investigations of those associated with 

 him, a wide extent of territory, until then little studied, was ex- 

 amined geologically and topographically, coal beds were found 

 and a new coal flora made known, new fossil mammals and other 

 species in great numbers were collected and described, the strati- 

 graphy aud paleontology of the Cretaceous and Tertiary and the 

 intermediate Laramie or Lignitic beds were well investigated, 

 and the Yellowstone Geyser' region brought to notice, explored 

 and described with full illustrations. 



Dr. Hayden's personal work consisted in a general geological 

 reconnaissance of the regions visited, the collection of fossils, 

 which was the chief object of the earlier expeditions, and the 

 supervision and direction of the surveying parties. He was the 

 first to make known the facts as to the vast Tertiary lake-areas of 

 the summit region and eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, 

 whence he drew the conclusion that the elevation of the moun- 

 tains went on slowly through the whole Tertiary, commencing 

 with the Laramie, which afforded some brackish water fossils. 



His first two expeditions were made in 1853 and 1855, to the 

 Bad Lands on White River, in Dakota, — that of 1853 at the 

 expense of Professor James Hall. Large collections of remains 

 of fossil mammals were brought home, besides numerous other 

 species. His paleontological friend, Mr. F. B. Meek, was with 



