404 JR. D. Salisbury — Terminal Moraines in Germany. 



eastern loop lies south of Stargard, near Jablonowo and Man- 

 towo (lat. 53° 20', Ion. 37° 20'). Here its course becomes more 

 easterly, and finally north, of east, passing near Ortelsburg 

 (lat. 53° 30', Ion. 38° 30'), and thence extending in a generally 

 direct course to Lyck, near the Russian frontier (lat. 53° 45', ■ 

 Ion. 40°). The corresponding northern border lies north of 

 Riesenberg (province Ost Preussen), a little north of Morungen, 

 near Bisckoffstein and Rastenburg (lat. 54°, Ion. 39°). 



In cases in which the individual members of the morainic 

 series are not united with each other, they are sometimes dis- 

 tinctly traceable individually, and sometimes so connected by 

 cross ranges, as to form a sort of morainic complex or network. 

 The separate ranges are individually strong at certain places 

 and weak at others. They are sometimes all strong on a given 

 meridian, sometimes all weak, and again some are massive 

 while others are feeble. The moraines or the morainic belt, 

 therefore, considered as a unit, constitutes a very different topo- 

 graphic feature in different regions, and is generally much 

 more conspicuous when the moraines are united, than when 

 they are separated. 



Apart from the relief produced by the formation itself, the 

 country traversed by the moraine is generally level. It is 

 therefore often a conspicuous feature, rising 200 feet or 300 

 feet, and even 400 feet above the surrounding country. With 

 a given elevation it is conspicuous or unobtrusive, according as 

 its rise from the bordering lowlands is prompt or gradual. It 

 is sometimes so prominent as to have received the local appel- 

 lation of mountain range, and numerous points are, in this 

 level country, designated mountains. It is possible that in 

 such cases the total elevation is not always entirely due to drift 

 accumulation, although no evidence to the contrary is at hand. 

 Throughout most of its course, the belt constitutes so promi- 

 nent a relief feature as to have been a potent factor in deter- 

 mining drainage. 



The topography of the moraine distinguished from the 

 moraine as a topographic feature — is exceedingly varied. For 

 the most part it is characterized by the knob and basin topog- 

 raphy which is so generally characteristic of terminal moraines 

 in similar situations. This topography finds expressions in all 

 degrees of strength. Even when of the sag and swell, or 

 knob and basin type, there may be, with a given altitudinal 

 variation, wide variations of topography limited on the one 

 hand by the nature of the material, which limits the maximum 

 gradient of slopes, and on the other by the width of the mo- 

 raine, which fixes the minor limit possible within the same. 

 These extremes, as well as all gradations between them, find 

 place in the moraine in question. The topography is now 



