G. H. Stone — Glacial Sediments of Maine. 125 



.4. In front of the ice, (a) in the sea, (b) in lakes on the 

 land, formed where the land sloped toward the ice, (c) on a 

 land surface sloping away from the ice. 



Sediments deposited in all these situations are to be found 

 in Maine.* 



The names below given to the different kinds of glacial sed- 

 iments are provisional. The deposits are classified according 

 to their size, their shape, and their structure, their relations to 

 other forms of glacial sediments, the conditions of their de- 

 position, etc. Two-sided ridges not longer than about two 

 miles are termed kames, longer ridges are termed osars. Erosion 

 ridges, i. e., portions of a plain of sediment which have been 

 left as ridges in consequence of the erosion of the adjacent 

 parts of the plain, are never by me termed either kames or 

 osar. The latter terms are here applied only to sediments 

 originally deposited as ridges. f 



Classification. 



1. Isolated kames. — These are found in all parts of Maine, 

 unless in the extreme north, which region I have not explored. 

 In the south-western part of the drainage basin of the Saint 

 John they are the only form of glacial sediment yet found by 

 me or reported by others. They are so distant from other 

 glacial sediments that they are termed isolated, thereby mean- 

 ing that so far as known they are the only sediment deposited 

 by the glacial stream which formed them. They may consist 

 of a single ridge or of a plexus of ridges enclosing kettle- 

 holes. They plainly consist of residual matter, i. e., of till 

 fragments from which the finer detritus has been removed by 

 flowing water. The stones are more or less water-worn, often 

 very much rounded. What has become of the finer matter of 

 the till ? It has disappeared from the . place of the kame, 

 which ends in sand or gravel, and there is no auxiliary clay 

 plain to show where the finer matter that was carried away by 

 the glacial stream has been deposited. When kames proper 

 are found above the contour of about 230 feet, they usually 

 end on the north, east and west in areas of unmodified till, and 

 sometimes also on the south. When not surrounded by a till- 

 covered country, they are found in the midst of the alluvium 

 of valleys, but there is no traceable connection between the 

 two forms of sediment. The valley drift in these cases is a 

 later deposit than the kame. 



* Space permits only the presentation of a portion of the outlines of the sub- 

 ject. The details have been embodied in a report written for the IT. S. Geolog- 

 ical Survey, completed June, 1888. 



f It is here assumed to be not a matter of much importance whether we form 

 the plural after the Swedish forms Ose — Osar, or regard the words to be thor- 

 oughly anglicized and term them Osar — Osars. 



