A. E. Verrill — New Actinians. 45 



lobulated, but have nearly the same structure as those below, 

 though they are described as perforated when living. Tentacles 

 numerous ; many mesenteries, 12, 24, or more pairs being 

 perfect. Sphincter muscle well developed, endodermal and 

 circumscribed. 



To this group I refer the following : 



Bunodosoma granulifera (Les., 1817). 



Aulactinia granulifera Andres, 1884, p. 221. 

 Bunodes granulifera Duerden, 1898, p. 454. 

 Bunodes tainiatus McMur., 1889, p. 23. 

 Cereus Lessoni Duch. and Mich., 1860, p. 42. 



West Indies. 



Bunodosoma cavernata (Bosc, 1801). 



Bunodes cavernata Ver., 1864. p. 17. 



Gladaciis cavernata Yer., 1869, p. 473. 



Phymac.tis cavernata Andres, 1884, p. 231 ; Mc Mur., 1887, p. 51. 



South Carolina to Cape Hatteras. 



Various other species described under Bunodes, Aulactinia, 

 etc., may belong here, but the descriptions of the verrucse 

 and other parts are insufficient to determine their position. 

 Aulactinia crassa Andres looks more like Bunodosoma than 

 like Aulactinia. 



Family Phtllactid^e. 



Asteractis Verrill, 1869. Type, A. Bradley i. 



Asteractis Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., i, p. 465, 1869. Andres, op. cit., 

 p. 292, 1884. 



This genus is characterized by the presence of a special wide 

 ruffled collar outside the tentacles, covered with complex rows 

 of compound verrucse or lobed outgrowths,* but not forming 

 true free fronds. The column bears more or less numerous 

 adhesive verrucse in rows below the collar. There are 12 or 

 24, or more pairs of perfect mesenteries and one, or sometimes 

 two, endodermal sphincter muscles. 



Asteractis flosculif era (Les.) Ver. 



Actinia flosculif era Les., Journ. Acad. Sci. Philad., i, p. 174, 1817 (not Oulactis 

 flosculifera Duch. and Mich., nor of McMurrich). 



Evactis (?) flosculif era Andres, op. cit., p. 235. 



Oulactis fasciculata McMurrich, Proc. Philad. Acad. Sci., 1889, p. 108 ; also in 

 Heilprin's "The Bermuda Islands," p. 112, pi. x, fig. 5 (section), 1889. 



This species is common at Bermuda, living buried to its mar- 

 gin in shell-sand at low-water mark. Figures from life will be 

 published soon in Trans. Conn. Acad. Science. 



* They are probably branchial in function and may be called actinobrauchs 

 (Actinobranchice). The groups that they form may be called pseudofronds. 



