H. L. Fair child — Glacial Lakes in Central New York. 255 



latter into the Skaneateles and this into the Owaseo Valley, 

 then occupied by the great Lake Warren. The westward-leading 

 channels of these earlier waters are shown on page 251. When r 

 however, Lake Warren found eastward escape, all these valleys 

 were* drained eastward with the lowering Warren or hyper- 

 Iroquois waters. 



Lake Newberry. 



Origin. — The lowest of all the cols across the line of water- 

 parting separating the present north and south drainage in New 

 York is the one at Horseheads, the head of the Seneca Yalley, 

 with elevation of 900 feet. This great channel* is the final 

 result of the erosion by the concentrated glacial drainage from 

 the district lying between and including Honeoye Yalley on 

 the west and Owaseo Yalley on the east. Originally the chan- 

 nel carried only the overflow of the Watkins Lake and was 

 doubtless somewhat higher than now, but the amount of the 

 down-cutting has not been determined. The name " Watkins " 

 lake applies to the waters as long as they were limited to the 

 Seneca Yalley. Lake Newberry may be regarded as having 

 its birth when, by the recession of the ice front, the waters of 

 either the Ithaca or the Hammondsport Lake were drained 

 down to and became confluent with the Seneca Yalley waters. 

 Lake Newberry is therefore only the larger, more expanded 

 Watkins Lake. The former name is used, not only as a matter 

 of convenience but also for uniformity in glacial lake nomen- 

 clature ; in order to distinguish the broad waters with complex 

 relationship from the smaller, more localized, and simpler 

 Watkins Lake. 



Judging from the topography of the region, it seems more 

 probable that the first local lake to lose itself in the Horseheads 

 level was the Hammondsport. The locality of its overflow was 

 probably near 2d Milo, four miles south of Penn Yan. 



Extent and tributaries. — Upon the west, Keoka Yalley 

 became a gulf of the Newberry waters, first by the Penn 

 Yan depression and later by the open valley to the north. 

 Flint Creek Yalley became a bay of the greater lake when the 

 ice receded from the locality of Stanley and Gorham. The 

 waters of Canandaigua and Honeoye Yalleys were certainly 

 tributary to the Hammondsport Lake through the Flint 

 Yalley, and probably continued tributary to the Flint Yalley 

 waters even after they were a part of Lake Newberry. 



Upon the east, the Ithaca Lake found its close when the ice 

 withdrew as far north as Ovid. The scourways made by the 

 escaping Ithaca waters show an east and west erosion of the 



* The Horseheads channel is described and figured in a former paper, Bull. 

 Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. vi, p. 365. 



