H. L. Fairchild — Glacial Lakes in Central Neiv York. 257 



Extinction. — In the study of the glacial lake history, it was 

 recognized that Lake Newberry must have been destroyed by 

 outflow either to the east or west, eastward by the Mohawk 

 Y alley, or westward into Lake Warren. It was a matter of 

 the quicker removal of the ice barrier in one or the other of 

 two critical localities. And wherever the escape occurred we 

 should iind the scourways across the north-sloping land, or 

 some transverse configuration with traces of erosion by the 

 escaping waters, and with a favoring relation of valleys or 

 openings beyond. With some knowledge of the topography 

 of the critical east and west localities and their general condi- 

 tions and relations, it was thought more probable that the 

 Newberry waters escaped westward, and an examination of the 

 eastern area at the foot of Skaneateles and Otisco yalleys, sup- 

 plemented by a study of the Skaneateles sheet (unpublished) 

 of the New York topographic map, confirms this view of the 

 Newberry extinction. The writer has found no evidences of 

 water at the Newberry level in the Skaneateles yalley, but 

 such should occur if the waters found egress eastward, because 

 the low Mandana pass (900 feet), east side of the middle of the 

 valley, would have let in the waters long before the ice dam 

 was removed from the high ground northeast of the valley. 

 Indeed no conclusive evidence has been found of Newberry 

 waters in the Owasco yalley, west of the Skaneateles. More- 

 over, the channel cut by the eastward escape of the subsequent 

 and lower Warren waters lies only a few miles north of the 

 high ground at the north end of Skaneateles yalley, and 

 within this short distance of critical ground there are no east 

 and west scourways or any evidence of water-flow between the 

 Newberry and the Warren levels. 



Lake Newberry was destroyed by draining westward over a 

 point of land about five miles southeast of Canandaigua village, 

 and midway between Ennerdale railroad station and Reed's 

 Corners (see Plate yi). Here are well-defined and capacious 

 channels, at successively lower levels, lying athwart the ice- 

 moulded or drumlin surface. They occur on the south side of 

 a morainal series and truncate the ends of drumlins. Here 

 the Newberry waters were lowered to the Warren level, being 

 drained from about 980 feet elevation down to 880 feet, and at 

 the lower level the waters of the former Newberry area became 

 a part of the great Lake Warren. 



Lake Warren. 



General Description* — This glacial lake was of great area. 

 It is believed to have covered at least the southern part of the 

 Huron basin, all of the Erie basin, and as much of the Ontario 



* A fuller description will be found in Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. viii, p. 269. 



