446 T. Holm — Studies in the Oyperacece. 



the leaves. Grooves or furrows are observable in some species, 

 but they are rather shallow and wide ; thus the stomata, which 

 are located in these, are freely exposed. We notice the same 

 variation in the relative width of the epidermis-cells as in the 

 leaves; besides the characteristic cones are very numerous out- 

 side the hypodermal stereome. The bark-parenchyma forms, 

 similar to the mesophyll, a homogeneous tissue of palisade- 

 cells, which are arranged radially towards the center of the 

 stem in the majority of our species, but not in F. capillaris, 

 F. ciliatifolia, F. Warei and F. stenojihylla. The bark- 

 parenchyma is commonly quite solid with no lacunes, but the 

 intercellular spaces are numerous and wide in F. castanea, F. 

 thermalis and F. puberula. It is, furthermore, to be pointed 

 out that the bark-palisades, which border on the leptome-side 

 of the innermost mestome-bundles in F. castanea, do not 

 radiate towards the center of the stem, but towards the center 

 of the bundle. Cells containing tannin were, also, observed in 

 the stem of various species, but not so abundant as in the 

 leaves. We have stated above, that the stereome is more 

 strongly developed in the stem than in the leaves. This is 

 readily noticed if we compare the leaf-section of F. castanea, 

 for instance, with the accompanying figure of a part of its 

 stem (fig. 12). This section shows a number of very large 



Fig. 12. Transverse section of half of the stem of F. castanea. x 75. 



hypodermal stereome-bundles, most of which are situated deep 

 into the bark between the outer band of mestome-bundles. 

 There are, also, a few scattered and very small groups of 

 stereome on the hadrome-side of the innermost bundles. 

 Finally in the pith itself we observed quite a number of 

 stereome-bundles, which were not arranged in any order, and 



