38 PHYSIOGRAPHIC GEOLOGY. 



Hawaian chain, or pertains to the northwest system ; and the coast 

 south of the east cape belongs to the northeast system. Hence the 

 outline of the continent makes a right angle at the cape. The 

 northwest system is repeated in the west coast by southern Peru 

 and Bolivia, and the northeast in the coast of northern Peru to 

 Darien : so that this northern part of South America, if the Bolivian 

 line were continued across, would have nearly the form of a paral- 

 lelogram. South of Bolivia the Andes correspond to the northeast 

 system, although more nearly north-and-south than usual. 



39. (5.) Islands of the Atlantic. — The Azores have a west-north- 

 west trend, like the Hawaian chain, and are partly in three lines, 



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Fig. 29. 



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Azores, or Western Islands, 

 with evidences also of the transverse system. The Canaries, as Von 

 Buch has shown, present two courses at right angles with one an- 

 other, — a northwest and a northeast. 



Again, the line of the southeast coast of South America extends 

 across the ocean, passes along the coast of Europe and the Baltic, 

 and the mountains of Norway and the feature-lines of Great Britain 

 are parallel to it. 



6. Asia and Europe. — In Asia the Sumatra line, taken up by 

 Malacca, turns northward, until it joins the knot of mountains 

 formed by the meeting of the range facing the Pacific and that 

 facing the Indian Ocean. At this point, and partly in continuation 

 of a Chinese range, commence the majestic Himalayas, — at first 

 east-and-west, at right angles with the termination of the Malacca 



