TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION. 



PAGE 



Relations of the Science of Geology 1 



Subdivisions of Geology 7 



PART I.— Physiographic Geology. 



1. The Earth's General Contour and Surface-Subdivisions..; 9 



2. System in the Reliefs of the Land 23 



3. System in the Courses of the Earth's Feature-Lines 30 



4. System of Oceanic Movements and Temperature 39 



5. System of Atmospheric Movements and Temperature 44 



6. Distribution of Forest-Regions, Prairies, and Deserts 46 



PAET II .— Lithological Geology. 



1. Constitution of Rocks 49 



1. Elements constituting Rocks 50 



2. Minerals constituting Rocks 55 



3. Kinds of Rocks 70 



1. Fragmental Rocks, exclusive of Limestones 73 



2. Metamorphic Rocks not Calcareous 74 



3. Calcareous Rocks — Carbonates and Sulphates 84 



4. Igneous Rocks 86 



2. Condition, Structure, and Arrangement oe Rock-Masses 90 



1. Stratified Condition 90 



1. Nature of Stratification 90 



2. Structure of Layers 92 



3. Positions of Strata 101 



4. Order of Arrangement of Strata 112 



2. Unstratified Condition — Veins — Dikes 117 



xi 



