164 



ANIMAL KINGDOM. 



pound kinds present various fanciful shapes, as illustrated in the 

 annexed cut. 



Figs. 180-193. 



84;! 



Figs. 180 to 193.— Rhizopods, much enlarged (excepting 192, 193). Tig. 180, Orbulina 

 universa; 181, Globigerina rubra; 182, Textilaria globulosa Ehr. ; 183, Rotalia globulosa ; 

 183 a, Side-view of Rotalia Boucana ; 184, Grammostomum phyllodes Ehr. ; 185, a, Fron- 

 dicularia annularis ; 186, Triloculina Josephina ; 187, Nodosaria vulgaris ; 188, Lituola 

 nautiloides ; 189, a, Flabellina rugosa ; 190, Chrysalidina gradata ; 191, a, Cuneolina pavo- 

 nia; 192, Nummulites nummularia; 193 a, b, Fusulina cylindrica. All but the last two 

 magnified 10 to 20 times. 



Fig. 180 is a one-celled species; the others are compound, and contain a num- 

 ber of exceedingly minute cells. A few are comparatively large species, and 

 have the shape of a disk or coin, as fig. 192, a Nummulite, natural size ; the figure 

 shows the interior cells of one-half : these cells form a coil about the centre. 

 Orbitoides is the name of another genus of coin-like species. Fig. 193 a is a 

 species of Fusulina, a kind nearly as large as a grain of wheat, related to the 

 Nummulites; 193 b is a transverse view of the same. This is one of the ancient 

 forms of Rhizopods, occurring in the rocks of the Coal formation. 



D'Orbigny divided the Rhizopods into (1) the one-celled (called Monostegse by 

 D'Orbigny) ; (2) shells having the segments in direct linear series, figs. 185, 

 187 {Stichostegse) ; (3) shells spiral, the spiral of a single series, figs. 181, 182, 

 183, 184, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193 {Helicostegse) ; (4) shells spiral, consisting of 

 alternating segments, genus Robertina, etc. (Entomostegx) ; (5) shells consisting 

 of alternating segments not spirally arranged, fig. 191 {JEnallostegse) ; (6) seg- 

 ments clustered, without linear or spiral order, about an axis, fig. 186 (Agatho- 

 stegse). (See Appendix A.) 



The cells of Khizopods are each occupied by a separate animal or 

 zooid, though each is organically connected with the others of the 

 same group or shell. The animal is of the simplest possible kind, 

 having no mouth or stomach or members. It projects at will 

 slender processes of its own substance through pores in the shell. 



The above are shell-making species of Rhizopods. The name Rhizopods comes 

 from the Greek for root-like feet, — in allusion to the root-like processes they 



