342 PALEOZOIC TIME — CARBONIFEROUS AGE. 



observed, number about 350. 150 species have been procured from 

 a single coal bed in Ohio by Dr. Newberry. 



Characteristic Species of some of the subdivisions of the Carboniferous. 



Lesquereux enumerates the following among the species characteristic of 

 the groups below mentioned : — 



(«.) Subcarboniferous beds. — Stigmaria Anabathra Corda, S. minor, S. undu- 

 lata, and others; Lepidodendron Veltheimianum Sternb., L. Worthianum; a 

 Caulopteris; a 3Iegaphytum ; Catamites Suckowi i Brngt. ; a Bornia ; Cordaitea 

 borassifolia Ung., Knorria imbrieata Sternb. Of these, the first of them, with 

 the Catamites, Cordaitea, and Lepidodendron Worthianum, occur higher in the 

 series, and the Catamites and Cordaites continue through the whole Coal mea- 

 sures, or at least above the Pittsburg coal bed. 



(b.) Millstone Grit. — Lepidodendron, six species; Sigillaria, two; Catamites, 

 two ; Stigmaria ; and the Ferns, Pecopteris velutina Lsqx., P. nervosa Brngt., 

 Neuropteris jiexuosa Brngt., N. hirsuta Lsqx., Annularia sphenophyUoides Ung., 

 Odontopteris crenulata, Hymenophyllites furcatus Brngt., Sphenopteris latifolia 

 Brngt., which occur also higher, to at least Coal bed No. 1 B. 



(c.) Mammoth Bed (No. 1 B). — A great number of fruits, including nearly all 

 of the Coal measures, of the genera Trigouocarpum, Cardiocarpum, Rhabdocar- 

 pus, and Carpoliihes ; numerous Lepidodendra (eighteen species); Alethopteris 

 Lonchitidis, and A. marginata, not known above, and species of Callipteris, with 

 few of the finer forms of the family, of the genus Pecopteris ; among which few 

 there are the Pecopteris velutina, P. Sillimani, P. plumosa Brngt.; Sphenoptteria 

 family numerously represented, — e.g., S. latifolia Brngt., S. obtusiloba Brngt., 

 S. glandulosa Lsqx., S. polyphylla Lindley & Hutton, S. Newberryi Lsqx., S. ar- 

 temisiiefolia Brngt., and Hymenop>hyllites Hildi ethi Lsqx., and H. sj> inosua Gopp., 

 all peculiar to it; all the American species of Odontopteris, except 0. crenulata, 

 found also in the Millstone grit. Many Sigillarite, as S. stellata Lsqx., S. Serlii 

 Brngt., S. tesselata Brngt., S. Brochanti Brngt., & alceolaris Brngt., and others, 

 not found above. The most abundant species are the omnipresent Neuropteria 

 hirsuta and iV. Jiexuosa. There are also species of Annularia, Sphenophyllum, 

 Asterophyllites, and Catamites ; and everywhere Stigmaria ficoides. 



(d.) Coal No. 4. — This bed is characterized by small Ferns. There are no 

 Lepidodendra, but some Sigillarise; and numerous species of the Pecopteria 

 family ; also species of Asterophyllites, many of Neurop>teris, and several of 

 Sphenojiteris. 



(e.) Coal No. 11, the Pittsburg Coal bed. — There are Neuropteris Jiirsuta Lsqx., 

 Cordaites borassifolia, Neuropteris jiexuosa Brngt., Pecopteris polymorpha Brngt., 

 P. arborescens Brngt., P. Cyathea Brngt., Sphenop)hyllum emarginatum Brngt.; 

 Catamites, three species; Sigillaria, one species; Lepidodendra, none. Neuro- 

 pteris Moorii Lsqx. begins here, and has some resemblance to an Oolitic species.* 



* See, for further detail, Lesquereux's Memoir, Am. Jour. Sci. [2] xxx. p. 367 



