358 PALAEOZOIC TIME — CARBONIFEROUS AGE. 



of this ancient, tribe. But there were Crustaceans of new kinds. Fig. 607, Belli- 

 ntirus (Limulus) rotundatus, reduced one-half, a species related apparently to the 

 Horseshoe (Limulw) of the Atlantic coast. Fig. 606, Gampsonyx fimbriatus, 

 like a shrimp in general form, but belonging to the tribe of Schizopods, that is, 

 Macrourans having an accessory branch to the legs (from a%iW, to divide, and 

 ttouj, foot) ; they are the lowest of Macrourans (p. 153). Fig. 611 A represents a 

 species still more like a shrimp, and it has been called Anthracopalsemon, from 

 Palxmon, the name of a modern genus of shrimps, and the Greek for coal. 

 It is from Lanarkshire, Scotland. A. dubins and A. Grossarti are other species 

 referred to this genus, the former from Coalbrook Dale (includes the Glyphea ? 

 dubia Salter, and Apus duhius M. Edwards), and the latter from Lanarkshire; 

 but the broad flattened carapax indicates a nearer relation to JEglea and Gala- 

 thea than to Palsemon. Pyyocephalus Couperi is the name of a Schizopod from 

 near Manchester, England. 



. (b.) Spider*. — Fig. 610, Cycloplithalmus Bucklandi, a scorpion of the Coal 

 measures of Chomle, in Bohemia. Jllierolabis is another Carboniferous genus, 

 of the family of Pseudo-scorpions. These are the first of the class of Spiders in 

 geological history. 



(c.) Insects. — Rersains of insects have been found at several localities, and 

 especially at Saarbriick and Wettin. Fig. 609, a wing of the Blattina primseva 

 Jordan, or Carboniferous Cockroach, very similar to the American (fig. 602 A) ; 

 it is from Saarbriick. Fig. 608, wing of Dictyoncura anthraeophila Jordan, a 

 Neuropterous insect of the Semblis family. Saarbriick has afforded also a 

 species of Termites, another Neuropterous insect; a locust (Orthopterous) for 

 which the genus Gryllacrishas been instituted; and a beetle or Coleopter referred 

 to the new genus Traxites. Two weevils (Curculionids) have been reported from 

 Coalbrook Dale (Shropshire), England; but Heer regards them as Crustaceans, 

 and not Insects. 



Vertebrates. — (a.) Fishes. — The fishes of the Carboniferous age are found 

 most abundantly in the Subcarboniferous limestones, as these were wholly 

 of marine origin: still, a considerable number of species occur in the Coal 

 measures. The Selachians are of the genera Cteuodus, Ctenoptychius, Gyra- 

 canthus, etc., and also Helodus, Cladodus, Orodus, Ctenacanthus, etc., which are 

 mostly Subcarboniferous. The most common Coal measure genera of Ganoids 

 are Palseoniscus, Amblypterus, and Holojjtychius. All the Ganoids have verte- 

 brated tails. 



(b.) Bejitiles. — A few Reptilian remains have been observed in Europe and 

 Britain similar in general chai-acter to those of America, and indicating the 

 existence of ordinary Amphibians and Labyrinthodonts. One species, Pctra- 

 hat melius Colei Owen, is a Labyrinthodont from the British Coal measures. 

 The Archeyosaurus Decheni Goldfuss, a Carboniferous species from Saarbriick, 

 has been regarded as a Proteoid Salamandrian. But Agassiz has observed that 

 even in their limbs — their most Reptilian feature — they are closely like Ganoid 

 fishes of the genus Polypterus. Apateon pedestris H. v. Meyer, is another spe- 

 cies related to the Archegosaurus, if not of the same genus; it is from near 

 Miinsterappel, on the Bavarian Rhine. 



