APPENDIX. 763 



of the Reptilian Age. — The three Periods. — The first Period. — Distribution of 

 the rocks in eastern North America, and their kinds. — 415. Id. west of the Mis- 

 sissippi. — 417. Two features of the American Triassic. — 418. Plants, as con- 

 trasted with the Carboniferous. — 420. Deficiencies in marine life. — Articulates. 

 — 421. Classes of Vertebrates represented. — 421, note. Three groups of Mam- 

 mals. — Two parallel subdivisions of the Non-marsupials. — 422, note. The four 

 subdivisions of the Megasthenes, with examples of each. — 423, note. Id. of 

 the Microsthenes. — 422. Characteristics of the Fishes. — 424. What evidences of 

 Reptiles occur in the beds. — 425. Id. of Birds. — 426. Id. of Mammals. — 430. 

 Igneous rocks associated with the sandstone on the Atlantic border. — 432. 

 Proofs of heat. — 433. Distribution of the European Triassic. — Salt mines. — 434. 

 Prevailiag forms of plants. — 435. Characteristic animal life. — Vertebrates. — • 

 438. Conclusion from paucity of marine remains. — 439. Id. from ripple-marks, 

 etc. — Id. from the thickness of the beds. — Id. from the trap dikes. — 440. Gene- 

 ral conclusions as to the life of the Period. — Geography. — 442. Origin of the 

 Triassic west of the Mississippi. 



XVIII. Reptilian Age, Continued. — Second Period of the Reptilian Age. — 



444. Question as to rocks of this period existing or not on the Atlantic border. — 



445. Id. west of the Mississippi. — 446. Foreign Jurassic. — 447. Subdivisions 

 into three Epochs. — 449. Characteristic plants ; no Angiosperms. — 450. Charac- 

 teristic kinds of animal life. — The last of some Palaeozoic genera of Brachio- 

 pods. — Ammonites. — 451. Belemnites. — Insects. — Characteristics of the Fishes. 

 — Varieties of Reptile life ; Ichthyosaurs, Plesiosaurs, Iguanodon, Pterodactyls, 

 etc. — 453. Types of Mammals represented. — 465. Conclusions with regard to 

 American Geography. — Different character of European. — 466. Characteristic 

 life. — Question as to an excessive Mammalian or Reptilian population or not, 

 where the fossils occur. — 467. Evidences as to climate (see also page 738). 



XIX. Reptilian Age, Concluded. — Page 467. Third Period of Reptilian 

 Age. — Origin of name Cretaceous. — Epochs in America. — Distribution of the 

 beds. — 468. Kinds of rocks. — 470. Change in the vegetation of America with 

 the opening of the Period. — 472. Important Protozoans. — Characteristic Mol- 

 lusks. — 473. New feature among Fishes. — New types among Reptiles and Mam- 

 mals. — 479. Rocks of the foreign Cretaceous; chalk; flint. — 481. Plants. — 

 Rhizopods. — 482. Spicula of Sponges. — Fishes. — Reptiles. — 488. Origin of the 

 chalk. — Id. of the flint. — 489. Conclusions as to American Geography. — 491. Id. 

 Foreign Geography. — Evidences as to climate. — 493. Relative duration of the 

 Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. — 494. Geography of North America. — Decline in Palaeo- 

 zoic features during Mesozoic time, as to vegetation. — Id. as to Crinoids and 

 Brachiopods. — 495. Id. as to Fishes. — Progress in Mesozoic features as to vege- 

 tation. — 496. Id. as to Cephalopods. — 497. Id. as to Fishes and Reptiles. — 499. 

 Progress in Cenozoic features as to plants. — Id. as to Corals and Mollusks. — 500. 

 Id. as to Articulates. — Id. as to Vertebrates. — Examples of comprehensive 

 types. — 501. Position of the earliest Mammals in the Class of Mammals. — Har- 

 mony of the Fauna and Flora of an Age. — 502. Evidence of disturbances at the 

 close of Mesozoic time. — 503. Revolution slow in progress. — Changes of level 

 in eastern North America and about the Rocky Mountains. — 504. Causes of 

 the destruction of life. 



XX. Cenozoic Time. — Mammalian Age. — Pase 505. Contrast in life between 



