764 APPENDIX. 



Cenozoie and Mesozoic time. — The two Periods of the Age of Mammals, and how 

 distinguished. — 506. Lyell's subdivisions of the Tertiary. — Subdivisions of the 

 American Tertiary. — 507. General distribution of the rocks. — Kinds of rocks. — 

 512. Protophytes, and general character of other plants. — 514. Kinds of Ver- 

 tebrates. — 515. Mammals of the Upper Missouri Miocene. — 516. Id. of the 

 Pliocene Epoch. — 523. Importance of Nummulites in the Foreign Tertiary. — 

 525. Contrast between the Eocene, Miocene, and more modern vegetation of 

 Europe. — 526. First appearance of Snakes, and earliest known of European 

 Birds. — The earliest Mammals, and where first found. — Characteristic of Eocene 

 Mammals as stated by Owen. — 528. The Dinothere. — 530. Evidence as to Ame- 

 rican Geography. — 531, 532. Elevation of the Rocky Mountains. — 532. Progress 

 of the North American Continent. — 533. European Geography. — Elevation of 

 mountains. — 534. Evidence as to climate in America and Europe. 



XXI. Mammalian Age, Concluded. — Page 535. Three Epochs of the Post- 

 tertiary. — Drift; evidence as to its age. — 536. Its distribution. — Its material 

 and characteristics. — 537. Its source. — 538. Character and general direction of 

 scratches. — 540. Distribution in foreign countries. — 541. Fiords. — The two 

 theories. — Arguments for and against the Iceberg theory. — 543. Id. the Glacial 

 theory. — 545. Example from Switzerland. — 546. Geography. — 547. Second Epoch. 

 — Kinds of rocks and distribution : terraces along rivers and lakes. — 549. 

 Ancient sea-beaches. — 550. Eelation of river-terraces to level of the river they 

 border. — 552. American Geography. — 553. Evidence as to the temperature of 

 the sea and air. — 554. Third Epoch. — Distribution of terraces. — 555. Their 

 formation. — 557. General results. — 558. Some of the animals of Europe and 

 Asia, and their habits. — 561. Id. of North America. — 563. Id. of South America. 

 566. — Id. of Australia. — Characteristics of the life of the Post-tertiary. — 567. 

 Evidences as to climate. — 568. Time-ratios of the Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, and 

 Cenozoie. — Geographical changes during the Tertiary. — 569. Id. during the 

 Post-tertiary. — 570. Dynamical agencies intensified beyond their former power 

 in the Post-tertiary. — 571. Prominent fact with regard to the life of the Cenozoie. 



XXII. Age op Man. — Pages 573, 574. New feature of the world; character- 

 istic of man's structure evincing his intellectual character. — 574. Rocks or 

 deposits. — 575. Life that has its culmination in the Age of Man. — 576. Occur- 

 rence of modern Mammals with some of the Post-tertiary. — 577. Change during 

 the Terrace Epoch. — 578. Examples of animals recently become extinct. — 580, 

 583. Fossil relics of Man : their modes of occurrence, and the conclusion they 

 sustain. — 584. Evidence of unity of Man as to species. — Id. of origin on one 

 continent only. — 585. The particular continent of his origin. — 586. Creations. — 

 Two kinds of changes of level. — Examples of secular. — 588. Id. of paroxysmal. 

 590. Evidence as to length of Geological time. — 592. Proof of progress in the 

 life of the globe. — Criteria of rank among animals: first; second; third; fourth; 

 fifth. — 593. Proof that the earliest species of a group were not necessarily the 

 lowest. — 594. Culmination of types at different periods. — 595. Comprehensive 

 types. — Embryonic features of some early types. — 596. In the first appearance 

 of a group, the position as to grade of the earliest species. — 598. Extinction of 

 comprehensive types. — Unity of Floras and Faunas of successive ages. — In what 

 progress always consisted. — 599. Examples of the law of specialization and its 

 application. — 600. Relation of the plan of progress to the Age of Man. — What 



