134 Notes on the Bophlds and their Language. [No. 2. 



The contrasted negatives to the above are formed by the addition of 

 the particle Ma. Thus : 



Present. Ngo do-do-ma, I am not eating. 

 Past. Ngo do-pana-ma, I did not eat. 



Future. Ngo do-bo-ma, J will not eat. 



Imperative Mood. 

 The only instance in which this mood exists is in the 2nd person. 

 It is formed by the addition of To, to the verb. Thus : Do-to, eat. 

 Gok«to, call. No-to, bring. Numerous other examples of which will 

 be found in the annexed vocabulary. 



The contrasted negative is formed by the substitution of Y6, for 

 To. Thus : Do-yo, eat not. Gok-yo, call not. No-yo, bring not. 

 Angne-yo, go not. 



The Infinitive, or perhaps more correctly the Gerund, is formed 

 by the addition of the word Tebo. Thus : Do-tebo, to eat, or for the 

 purpose of eating. Tang-tebo, to drink. Bang-tebo, to carry. Re- 



tebo, to build. 



Participles. 

 The participial terminations are, [seeking. 



Present, Neya. — Do-neya, eating. Tang-neya, drinking. Me-neya, 

 Past, Pelo. — Do-pelo, having eaten. Tang-pelo, having drunk. 



Me-pelo, having sought. 



Potential Mood. 

 When power or capacity, is intended to be implied, the word 

 Parepa, is added to the verb in the future tense. 

 Ng6 Angne-bo parepa, I can go. 

 No Do-bo parepa, thou canst eat. 

 Ma Tarbo parepa, he can run. 

 Desire is expressed by the word mang-do, which takes the same 

 relative position when put in conjunction with another verb. 

 Ngo Angne-bo mang-do, I wish to go. 

 Ma Do-bo, mang-do, he wishes to eat. 

 Ma-lu Tarbo mang-do, they wish to run. 

 Indeclinable Particles, so necessary in most cultivated lan- 

 guages for connecting sentences together and giving precision to other 

 parts of speech, are almost unknown in the language of the Dophlas. 



"Where the want of a conjunction can be evaded by the use of a 

 participle, the latter is usually introduced, otherwise the parts of a 

 sentence hang very loosely together. 



Post-positive particles, such as those given in the declensions of 

 nouns, take the place of prepositions. 



Adverbs precede the verbs they serve to qualify, and in general are 

 placed in close juxta-position to them. 



