1851.] Essay on the Ancient Geography of India. 229 



small extent, and was in general parcelled out, among the three other 

 divisions. Three of these divisions, had also other names; the N. E. 

 quarter is styled Ann-Gang am, or along the Ganges : the N. W. was 

 called Sindhu-de'sa, or country of Sindhu, or Sind : the peninsula or 

 Dacshinapafh, is denominated Calinga, or maritime country : and it 

 was known to the Greeks under that name ; for iElian says, that, as 

 the elephants of Taprobane were superior to others, the kings of the 

 Calingas procured them from that island. Euhemerus does not use 

 the word Calinga, but calls its inhabitants Oceanitce, which implies 

 the same thing. 



To the country along the banks of the Ganges, he gives the name of 

 Doia ; at least he calls its inhabitants Doians, from Dhuh the name of 

 the Ganges, from Rajmahl to Dhaca, and the sea. The country along 

 the Indus, he calls Panchcea, from the ever famous Pinga'sa, or Pinga t 

 who lived in that country, and with all his followers emigrated, beyond 

 the western sea, between India and Africa ; and settled on the banks 

 of the river Crishnd, Sydmd, or the Nile. The Pauranics, instead of 

 emigrated, say that he transmigrated there, with those who were 

 attached to him. 



The denomination of Bharata is used only by learned men, and even 

 seldom ; and it is of course unknown to foreigners, who bestowed upon 

 the whole continent of India, the name of that part of it nearest to 

 them. Thus in Tartary, it is called Anu-Gahgam, or Anonkhenkh : 

 in the west it was called Sind, Hind, India from the country of Sindhu, 

 on the river of the same name. In Pegu, Ava, Sumatra it is called 

 Calinga, from the peninsula, which they frequented most. In the 

 countries of Lahdaea, Dsdbdd'am, or Dsaprong, India is called Zac ; 

 but whether it meant originally all India, or only part of it, is uncer- 

 tain. According to this three- fold division of India, I shall divide my 

 Essay into three parts, and begin with Calinga. Pausanias mentions 

 three large islands, or countries bordering upon the sea, in the remote 

 parts of the Erythraean Ocean. Their names wore Seria Sacaia, and 

 Abasa, or Abasan. The first is obviously China, still called the king- 

 dom of Ser in Tibet. Sacaia for Zdceya, or the country of Zdc is 

 Indostan : and Abasa is the Bhaisa, or Bhainsa, or Buffalo country 

 on the banks of the Indus : I am not well prepared to discuss this 

 point at present, being but very lately acquainted with the subject. 



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