1851.] Essay on the Ancient Geography of India. 233 



PART THE FIRST. 



Of Calinga or the Sea Coasts from Cape Mudan to 



Chatganh. 



Section I. — Of the Sea Coast about the mouths of the Indus. 



The Sea Coast, or Calinga, of India, is divided into three parts, 

 emphatically called Tri-Calinga, or the three shores. The first Calinga 

 includes the Sea Coast about the mouths of the Indus : the second 

 extends all round the peninsula : and the gangetic shores, from Cuttack 

 to Chatganh, constitute the third. No emperor in India, could pretend 

 to celebrity, and lasting fame, unless he was master of these three 

 shores; when he assumed the title of Tri-Calingddhipatiy the lord 

 paramount of Tri-Calinga. There were three competitors to that 

 title, the Maharaja on the banks of the Ganges, the Balldla in the 

 peninsula, and the Bala-rdjds near Gujjarat. Their most formidable 

 opponents to supremacy, were the proud Gurjaras, and those of Utcala 

 now Orissa. The latter are said, in the inscription upon a pillar near 

 Buddal, to have been eradicated ; and that the king of Gour enjoyed 

 their country.* They are of course much fallen off, with regard to 

 civilisation. With a few exceptions in some places, they are a rude, 

 and wild race, which have even forgotten the use of salt : for in India 

 such tribes, as do not use it, are considered as barbarians, little remote 

 from the brute creation. 



The first Calinga is about the mouths of the Indus ; and we know 

 but little of it. Some sketches, and delineations of the coast, have 

 appeared occasionally ; but they afford but little information, as they 

 materially differ from one another, and are often contradictory. The 

 natives of that country seldom travel, and merchants have little induce- 

 ment to visit it : but near Cape Muddn, there is a famous place of 

 worship called Hingldj, resorted to from all parts of India, by devout 

 pilgrims. These are numerous indeed, and I shall lay before the 

 Society, the result of the compared accounts of the most intelligent 

 among them. Besides pilgrims, I never saw but one person, who had 

 visited that country : he lived at Tha't't'ha in a public capacity for 

 seven or eight years, and left it very near fifty years ago. The account 

 of the pilgrims is, as may be supposed, intermixed with many legen- 



* Asiatic Researches, Vol. 1st. 



