2851.] Review of " A Lecture on the Sankhya Philosophy." 403 



sects (for instance, 1st Adh. Su. 20 to 40), which, according to the 

 above mentioned reasons, would bring their composition down to the 

 third century B.C. Moreover, Pataliputtra is referred to therein. 

 This was, according to Lassen, built by the king Ajatas'atru a short 

 time before the death of Buddha, and it became the royal residence of 

 Asoka, who is named Kalasoka, 100 years after Buddha's Nirvana 

 (about 440 B. C.) It was in ruins, when Hiuan Tshang visited India 

 (A. D. 632).* The Sankhya Pravachana, although not named, is also 

 referred to by I'swara Krisht'a, in his Karikaf which was commented on 

 by Gaudapada, the teacher of Govinda, whose disciple S'ankaracharya 

 lived probably at the close of the eighth century, so that Tswara Krishta 

 must have lived latest at the beginning of the eighth or at the close of 

 the seventh century, and the latest date of the Sankhya Pravachana is 

 therefore the seventh century. Hence it is evident, that the composition 

 of this work falls within the space between 250 B. C. and 600 A. C. 



The period, in which we have included those Sutras, is certainly 

 very long; but limited as this determination is, it prevents a number 

 of serious errors in our view of the development of Hindu philosophy. 

 All further information we must expect from the publication of other 

 works, especially of Patanjali's commentary to the grammar of Panini. 



With regard to the second set of Sutras, the Sankhya Tattwa Samasa, 

 we are left quite in the dark, as there are no materials to decide its 



* Lassen I. A. Vol. II. p. 81. " Ajatas'atru appears to have long time had the 

 intention of conquering Vaisali ; for it is recorded, that his two ministers Sunitha 

 and Vasyakara founded in the village Patali, a fortress against the Vrigi ; this 

 took place a short time before the death of Buddha. It is, no doubt, the place, 

 where the town Patali-puttra, afterwards so famous, arose ; its situation is distinct- 

 ly denned by the circumstance, that Buddha on his tour from Nalanda to Vaishali 

 came to that place." 1. c. p. 84. " Kalasoka transferred his residence to Patali- 

 puttra." 



f Col. M. E. Vol. I. p. 233. " The author (I'swara Krishta) must have had 

 before him the same collection of Sutras, or one similarly arranged. His scholiast 

 (Narayana Tirtha) expressly refers to the number of the chapters." Wils. Sankhya 

 K. p. 192. "The Karika must consequently (because in the 72 d Karika the author 

 says, that he treats of the whole science, exclusive of the illustrative tales, and omit- 

 ting controversional questions) refer to the collection of Kapila's aphorisms, called 

 Sankhya Pravachana" (the 4th and 5th chapter of which contain such tales and 

 qurjstions.) 



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