474 Essay on the Ancient Geography of India. [No. 6. 



Apollonius after leaving the island of JByblus, comes to the district 

 of Pegada, in the country of the Oritce; where the stones, and the 

 sand are copper, and it is called the golden country from the immense 

 returns in gold from the sale of their copper. Sone-meyani, and its dis- 

 trict is so called from its golden fisheries, from the large returns in gold, 

 from the sale of the fish. Unfortunately there is no copper in that 

 country : but it was so supposed, and it is enough for our purpose. 

 Pegada is for Pegala; and Philostratus mentions next a sea-town 

 called Stobera, for Tobera or Tomerd, and the dress of the inhabitants 

 consisted of the skins of the larger kind of fish ; as related by Nearchus, 

 of those who lived at the mouth of the river Tomer us. 



Cape Muddn comes next, commonly called Mordn, and sometimes 

 Malan. It is the Malana of Nearchus and it is the mount Maleus of 

 Pliny from the Greek Maleos, and Maleon in the country of the Oritce t 

 or those of Haur. There, says he, in summer the shadows fall to the 

 south, and in winter to the north. This is true in part only ; three or 

 four weeks before, and as many after the summer solstice, the shadows 

 fall to the south : but all the rest of the year, they fall toward the 

 north. Nearchus mentions this circumstance ; but he does not say, 

 that it was observed at Cape Malana : and this could not be the case, 

 as the season was too far advanced. Nearchus in his journal, going to 

 take leave of India, which terminates at Cape Malana, takes notice of 

 a phenomenon which he observed once as he was launching out a 

 great way into the sea ; when the shadows in the fore and afternoon 

 fell to the south : but at noon there was no shadow at all. Nearchus, 

 since he left the Indus, kept always close to the shore ; and the above 

 observation took place, whilst in company with Alexander, who did 

 really stretch out into the sea from the western mouth of the Indus, 

 about the summer solstice. Though the place, where it was observed 

 at sea, and Cape Malana, are without the tropics, yet this pheno- 

 menon takes place there, as well as at Benares in the same latitude 

 nearly with Cape Malan. As horizontal dials are very inconvenient 

 during the hot winds, I made a vertical one at that place about nineteen 

 years ago, for Mr. Duncan, now Governor of Bombay: and being 

 without the tropics, I thought myself safe. It was in the winter ; but 

 to my great astonishment, the dial was of no use, about the summer 

 solstice. At first, in the latter end of May, the remotest hour lines 



