476 Essay on the Ancient Geography of India. [No. 6. 



looked, and occasion curious mistakes, and we have a striking instance 

 of this in the present case. The place of Hihguld-devi is not described 

 particularly in any of the Puranas, either under the name of Strird- 

 jyam, or of Mahd-Cdla-van ; for Loca-mdtd is Mahd-Cdli, and her consort 

 is Mahd-Cdla. Mahd-Cala-van, or simply Cdla-van, is called Colwan 

 by El Edrisi, and Ebn Haucal Kelwan. Yet the description of Strird- 

 jyam in the peninsula, is that of Hiiiglaj ; for the author has intro- 

 duced Daldala and Jala-bhumis, quagmires and quicksands ; which 

 are inadmissible on the summit of the Gauts. The Cdla-van of Hiiig- 

 laj is acknowledged to be the first, and original one. The next to it, 

 is that in which Ujjaini is situated : and this is described in the 

 Scanda-purana, in the Section of Avanti : but the author has been 

 more cautious ; for instead of the round stones or gallets of Hiiiglaj, 

 which are not found about Ujjain, he has substituted the fruit of the 

 Bilva tree, which in size and colour looks very much like them ; and 

 also is so hard, that a shower of them would effectually repress the 

 boldest assailants. There we are told, that S'iva being partial to 

 Mahd-Cdlavan, called Colwan by El Edrisi and Ebn Haucal, or the 

 forests in which he and his consort lived in their primitive forms, as 

 ancestors of mankind, in the characters of Mahd-Cdla, and Mahd-Cdli, 

 directed four forms of his to watch it constantly. To the east Bilves- 

 wara was placed, or the lord of the stones of the size and in the 

 shape of the fruit of the Bilva tree. This is the Angdkeryd-Bhairava 

 Mahd-deva ,of our pilgrims. To the north was Barddureswara, or the 

 lord in the shape of a Bull-frog : he is the Tdngdr, or Jdnghdr-Bhai- 

 rava-Mahd-deva, I mentioned before. To the west is Pingdle'swara, 

 the lord and consort of Ping die' sivari, or Hiiigula-devi, and to the 

 south is the fourth form, called Cdydvarohdne 'swara. The seat of the 

 lord Darddura, is among the mountains so called after him, and often 

 mentioned in the lists of countries in the Puranas, and placed there 

 in the west. His consort Chan'dicd, is also with propriety styled 

 Dardduri, or Darddure'swari, our Lady in the shape of a Bull-frog. 

 Darddura is a frog, a toad, but here it is understood of the bull kind, 

 on account of its vociferation and loud noise. In the other Strirdjyam, 

 it is Hanumdn, the monkey, who produces those tremendous sounds, 

 which either kill people instantly, or drive them to madness. 



The seat of Cdydvarohana is Cape Mund, and leaving out Cdya, 



