398 



. f Wainsa dauke gware. 

 " \ Wainsa dau ani gware. 



5. Wainsa dau di. 



6. Wainsa dau ding. 



7. Wainsa dau la. 



8. Wainsa dau lang. 



g /Wainsa dau ke taure or 

 ' \ Wainsa dau ani taure. 



10. Wainsa dau nung. 



11. Wainsa dau manthi. 



12. Wainsa dau mi. 



13. Wainsa dau ani pumdi. 



So also is declined Mincha, a woman, 

 and nuing a wife, and all feminine nouus. 

 Declension of a Neuter, 

 Substantive. 

 Grokso, a thing. 

 1. Grokso, 



2 f Groksoke, disjunct. 

 * \Grokso-a, conjunct. 



3. Grokso. 



4. Grokso a gware. 



5. Grokso di. 



6. Grokso ding. 



7. Grokso la. 



8. Grokso lang. 



9. Grokso a taure. 



10. Grokso nung. 



11. Grokso manthi. 



12. Grokso mi. 



13. Grokso a pumdi. 



Dual. 

 1. Grokso dausi. 

 „ f Grokso dausike, disjunct. 



" \Grokso dausi asi, conjunct. 

 3. Grokso dausi, &c. 



Plural. 

 1. Grokso dau. 



f Grokso dauke or 

 \Grokso dau ani, &c. 

 It results from the above that there is 

 but one declension ; that gender has no 

 grammatical expression ; that number, 

 like case, is expressed by separate post- 

 positions, number going first ; that all 

 nouns and pronouns take the signs of 

 number, neuters as well as others ; that 

 some of the signs of case are still signi- 

 ficant (gware the interior; taure, the 

 top ; pum, the side) ; that ke is the 

 general genitive sign, but rarely used 

 save when the noun stands alone, as in 



Bdhing Vocabulary. 



[No. 



2. 



reply to a question, thus, whose ? — the 

 man's, is suke, wainsake ; that when two 

 substantives come together, the former 

 is the genitive and has properly no sign 

 (no qualitive ever has), though the " ke" 

 be sometimes superadded to the special 

 denotator which is a, the 3rd pronoun 

 (his, her, its), or dim whose sense is, in 

 of. Dim expresses a relation of locality 

 or inness (what is contained) ; a, almost 

 all other sorts of relation. Dim is used 

 conjunctively and disjunctively, as, of 

 where the tooth ? gyelame khleu : of 

 the mouth, sheodim. Both precede the 

 second substantive or nominative — thus 

 wainsa a ning = the man's name ; grok- 

 so a syanda = the thing's sound ; ru 

 dim khan = vegetables of the garden ; 

 bazar dim sheri = bazar rice or rice of 

 the bazar; pu dim pwaku, water of the 

 cup, so that this latter may be called 

 the general way of expressing the rela- 

 tion of two substantives which are both 

 named — the former the general way of 

 expressing relation when the qualitive 

 noun only is named, for genitives are all 

 qualitives, e. g. singke = wooden ; rain- 

 ke = bodily; lastly, that pronouns acd 

 nouns are declined throughout and in 

 all respects in the same way ; there 

 being no difference whatever between 

 them. As to the genitive relation it 

 should be further noted that the first of 

 two substantives is by position alone a 

 genitive ; that very close connexion and 

 dependance is expressed by a, e. g, the 

 calf of the cow, gai a tami ; that " ke" 

 can be used with a, as wainsake a ning, 

 the man's his name ; that where ke is 

 formative, as singke, = wooden, from 

 sing, wood, its conjunctive use is indis- 

 pensable like that of the ba and na, the 

 participial formatives ; thus syelke be- 

 tho, the iron blade ■* neuba muryu, the 

 or a good man (properly, the man who 

 is good) from syel = iron (subs.) and 

 neu, to be good. Observe further that 

 the topical sign di, both asks and an- 

 swers, as, ru dim khan, garden vege- 

 tables ; and, of where ? the garden's 

 gyelam (or gyelame), rudim. 



In this latter instauce we may observe 



* Observe that the iron of the blade is betho a syel or betho ke syel. 

 point or haft of the blade is necessarily betho a juju aud betho a rising. 



But the 



■i 



