1858.] 



Bdhing Vocabulary. 



399 



that, gyela being where, the final m or 

 me of gyelam, gyelame, has, in respect 

 of adverbs, a genitival force and so in 

 di-in, of in ; and in qualitives we con- 

 stantly find a similar termination (bu- 

 bum = white ; lalam == red ; Kwagname 

 = other &c), so that the m final is 

 shown to be generally possessive ; and 

 more especially as its iteration (bubu- 

 m me = the white one ; lala-mme = the 

 red one ; kwag-namme = the other one) 

 expresses the disjunct form of the same 

 relation. Thus, which one will you have ? 

 the red one or the green, Agyeme blavi, 

 lalamme ki gigimme, a sample wherein 

 the possessive a is welded to the relative 

 pronoun, gyem. By turning to the 

 participles it will be seen that all those 

 which have not a sign of their own (ba or 



na)aremade participles by the annexation 

 of the m or me particle. This is in fact 

 the general attributive affix, and its 

 suffixture transforms all qualitives (in- 

 cluding adverbs) into substantives or 

 words used substantially, like the hma 

 gu affix of Newari and like also the 

 Dravirian van, val, which seem to me to 

 be the unquestionable prototypes of the 

 Prakritic, wan, wal, war, (Gaon-war, 

 Sheto-wala, Gari wan. Marne wala, &c.) 

 I subjoin a few comparative samples 

 drawn from Bailing and Newari, which 

 will also show that nearly any word in 

 these tongues can be used substantially, 

 and that all qualitives, in particular, can 

 by the appropriate affix be made sub- 

 stantival, e. g. singke, wooden; sing- 

 keme, the wooden one. 



