412 Rahing Vocabulary, [No. 5. 



2nd. — The same Gerund with the main Vebb in the 

 Preterite. 



1. Jatangko, (I having 



ate it did so and so. 



2. Jatongsiko. 



3. Jatongmiko. 



1. Japteuko. 



2. Japteusiko. 



3. Japteumiko. 



1. Japtako. 



2. Japtasiko. 



3. Japtamiko. 



First person. 



. f Jatasako, incl. 

 \ Jatasukuko, excl. 



2 ( Jatasasiko, incl. 

 \ Jatasukusiko, excl. 



o J Jatasamiko, incl. 

 I Jatasukumiko, excl. 



Second person. 



1. Jatasiko. 



2. Jatasisiko. 



3. Jatasimiko. 



Third person. 



1. Jataseko. 



2. Jatasisiko. 



3. Jatasemiko. 



, ( Jantayoko, incl. 

 ( Jaktakoko, excl. 



„ j Jantayosiko, incl. 

 \ Jaktakosiko, exch 



o f Jantayomiko, incl. 

 ^ Jaktakomiko, excl. 



1. Jantaniko. 



2. Jantanisiko. 



3. Jantanimiko. 



1. Jamtameko. 



2. Jamtamesiko. 



3. Jamtamemiko.* 



^Reflex transitive, or middle voicef of the transitive verb to eat., 

 Imperative Mood. 



Singular. 

 Jaso, eat thyself. 



Dual. 



( Jas-che, ye two eat 

 \ yourselves. 



Plural. 



f Jasine,^: ye all eat your- 

 \ selves. 



* Here as before, the gerundial impersonated forms are constructed by merely 

 adding the past gerund sign or " ko" to the several forms of the tenses ; and as 

 in the indicative mood, there are 33 personal forms proper to either time (present 

 or future and preterite) so there are 66 forms of the gerund of past time and in 

 like manner are there 66 of the gerund of present time; and so also of the parti- 

 ciples, not to add the three impersonate forms of the latter, making with them 69 ! 

 This is a more than Manchuric luxuriance of participial and gerundial growth. I 

 have uow gone through the most essential and characteristic forms of the verb, and 

 shall reserve the less essential or ths several other so called moods &c. for the 

 sequel, proceeding first to the reflex or middle voice and then to the passive upon 

 the present model. The gerunds are purely verbal with no touch of the noun, 

 and they are essentially continuative, serving in lieu of the conjunction " and." 



f There are a great many primitives or neuters in " so," besides the derivatives 

 or reflex forms of the transitives which I call their middle voice. All transitives 

 make their middle voice by changing their appropriate sign into "so." This form 

 is perfectly uniform for all primitives and derivatives. The French amuser and 

 s'amuser, = cham-cho and cham-s-cho give a good idea of it. 



% There are of course no objective forms of an intransitive verb, and all verbs 

 in "so," whether primitively neuter or derived, as here from tiansitives, are so 

 regarded. See and compare the transitive forms in the active voice aforegone. 



