418 B/ihing Vocabulury. [No. 5. 



Gerund of past time, impersonal. 



There is none. 



Same gerund personated. 



1st. — With main verb in present or future. 



It is formed by adding the formative " ko" to the several forms (33) of the 

 indicative present and future, e. g. 



Singular, Dual. Plural. 



- T ., , J" Jasoko, incl. , J Jasoko, incl. 



1# day,J£0, *' 1 Jasikiko, excl. L ' \ Jakiko, excl. 



2nd. — Same gerund with the main verb in the preterite. 



It is formed as above by adding " ko" to the several forms of the indicative 

 preterite, e. g. 



. T ., , J Jatasoko, incl. . [ Jatasoko, incl. 



J. datiKO. 1# \jatasikiko, excl. l ' \ Jatakiko, excl. 



and so on through all the 33 forms of the indicative preterite of this voice. The 

 senses respectively of Jayiko and Jatiko are, having been eaten I shall be, and, 

 having been eaten, I was or have been, (forgotten) ; and so of the rest. 



Paradigm of certain special forms of conjugation supplementary of the passive 

 and denoting 



1st, the action that passes between me as the agent and thee as the patient. 

 2nd, that in which thou art the agent and I the patient. The first of these forms 

 is very distinct, but is confined to the indicative (and subjunctive) mood. 



It has no imperative or infinitive. The second runs much into the ordinary 

 passive and has an imperative. See on. 



1st form, I — tbee. 

 (Verb Ja, to eat, as before). 



Indicative Mood. 

 Present and Future Tense. 



Singular of Agent.* Dual of Agent. Plural of Agent. 



1. Jana, I eat thee or thou J J& . w ^ j, . 



art eaten by me. j 



Dual of Object. Dual of Object. Dual of Object. 



_ T/ , . T f Jasisi. We two eat you f Jasimi. We all eat you 



2. Janasi, I eat you two. j twQ> j two * 



Plural of Object. Plural of Object. Plural of Object. 



_ T , , . , „ fJanisi. We two eat youCJanimi. We all eat you 



3. Janani, I eat you all. < ,, J < ,, J 



* This form is rather allied to the passive than active, and may be called the 

 supplement of the former, which is very incomplete and alien to the genius of the 

 tongue, being cramped at the threshold by taking the 1st person objective for its 

 starting point, thus, jayi = eat me. There is no Be thou eaten. And here jana, 

 and its participial janame look to the object chiefly, thou art eaten by me and thou 

 who art the eaten of me. 



