1858.] Bdhing Vocabulary. 427 



Second person. 

 B«tte. Bottasi. Bdttani. 



Third person. 

 Bdtta. Bdttase. Bdttatne. 



Infinitive Mood. 



Bd-cho. 



Participle of the agent in " ba." 



Boba, wbat flowers, or will flower, or bas flowered. 



N. B. — The 2nd and 3rd participles in "chome" and " na" are wanting,* and 

 so also tbeir derivatives in " me." 



Gerunds. 



1st. Bdtuna. Bdtina. Bdtana, &c. 



2nd. Bottina. Bottena. Bdttana, &c. 



3rd. Hdtuko. Bdtiko. Bdtako, &c. 



4th. Bdttiko. Botteko. Bottako, &c. 



What, as opposed to the above, called neuters (see conjugation XI.) for distinc- 

 tion's sake, I have elsewhere called intransitives in "to," as Jito, Khato, &c. (con- 

 jugation X.) are all regular and conjugated like the verb to come above given. 

 In fact, all the so-called intransitives, whatever their sign, have one uniform conju- 

 gation, those in " so," merely interpolating the reflex sibilant, as may be seen by 

 comparing the aforegone samples of both. But the neuters in "to," here ensam- 

 pled by Bdto, are quite unique, leaning to the model of unchanging transitives 

 with the same sign, for which see Breto aforegone. 



By comparing the above samples of complete conjugation with the summary 

 view of the same subject which precedes it,f it will be seen that there is at bottom 

 but one conjugation, because all transitives and intransitives follow the one general 

 model with the material exception, however, of the singular indicative. Of that 

 the various forms are therefore brought together in the classification of so-called 

 conjugations ; and it is only necessary to add that beyond the singular indicative 

 of transitive verbs, there are no deviations from the one model of conjugating in 

 the three voices. The whole force of conjugation is, it will be seen, thrown upon 

 the actors, who do and suffer. Of the action itself there is little comparative heed, 

 only two moods and two times being developed and the active and passive voices 

 being perplexed. There are not in fact any inflexional or inherent verbal forms to 

 express the various modifications of the action. Nevertheless these modifications, 

 of course, have periphrastic means of expression, I shall call them moods, and now 

 proceed to enumerate them. 



* These participles can rarely be used with intransitive or neuter verbs, never 

 with such of the latter as relate to the action of things. They imply an agent 

 who produces that effect on a thing which these participles express relatively to 

 future and past time respectively. Out of the vast number of intransitives enu- 

 merated elsewhere hardly a dozen make use of these participles. Some of these 

 exceptions are bwakko, to speak, which gives bwangna 16,=spoken words. Bokko, 

 to get up, whence bongna blocho, = bed, whence any one has risen : Niso, to sit, 

 whence nisina-khosingba, the chair on which any one has sat, &c. 



t To wit, " Classification of Verbs." 



2 h 2 



