﻿72 
  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  the 
  "Archives 
  des 
  Sciences 
  Physiques 
  et 
  Naturelles" 
  (vol. 
  viii, 
  

   Geneva, 
  1899. 
  It 
  contains 
  definite 
  statements 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  recent 
  

   changes 
  in 
  the 
  glaciers 
  of 
  the 
  Alps, 
  with 
  notes 
  also 
  on 
  those 
  in 
  

   Scandinavia, 
  Polar 
  regions, 
  Western 
  North 
  America, 
  the 
  Cau- 
  

   casus, 
  Himalayas, 
  and 
  Central 
  Africa. 
  The 
  general 
  conclusions 
  

   are 
  most 
  complete 
  with 
  respect 
  to 
  the 
  Swiss 
  glaciers. 
  In 
  regard 
  to 
  

   them 
  Professor 
  Forel 
  remarks 
  that 
  measurements 
  were 
  made 
  in 
  

   1898 
  on 
  some 
  90 
  glaciers, 
  12 
  of 
  which 
  were 
  shown 
  to 
  be 
  on 
  the 
  

   increase, 
  while 
  55 
  were 
  certainly 
  receding. 
  Of 
  the 
  glaciers 
  not 
  

   specially 
  observed, 
  the 
  great 
  majority 
  must 
  be 
  admitted 
  to 
  fall 
  

   also 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  class, 
  so 
  that 
  we 
  are 
  now 
  in 
  a 
  phase 
  of 
  very 
  

   general 
  glacial 
  decrease. 
  Of 
  the 
  Swiss 
  glaciers 
  which 
  are 
  at 
  

   present 
  advancing, 
  several 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  basin 
  of 
  the 
  Rhone, 
  one 
  

   to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Aar 
  (Rosenlaui) 
  and 
  one 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Inn 
  (Rosegg). 
  

  

  In 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  glaciers 
  of 
  the 
  Eastern 
  Alps, 
  Prof. 
  Finster- 
  

   walder 
  concludes 
  that 
  the 
  retrograde 
  movement 
  continues 
  to 
  gain 
  

   and 
  that 
  the 
  insignificant 
  advances 
  which 
  were 
  manifested 
  in 
  the 
  

   last 
  few 
  years 
  in 
  a 
  considerable 
  number 
  will 
  probably 
  soon 
  come 
  

   to 
  an 
  end. 
  It 
  is 
  only 
  rarely 
  that 
  any 
  such 
  decrease 
  is 
  noted 
  as 
  

   was 
  common 
  formerly 
  ; 
  but 
  frequently 
  circles 
  of 
  moraines 
  of 
  

   recent 
  date 
  are 
  noted, 
  which 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  entirely 
  wanting 
  in 
  the 
  

   great 
  period 
  of 
  decrease 
  between 
  1870 
  and 
  lb90. 
  Terminal 
  

   tongues 
  which, 
  remain 
  stationary, 
  or 
  nearly 
  so, 
  may 
  disappear 
  on 
  

   melting, 
  without 
  leaving 
  any 
  trace 
  ; 
  while 
  those 
  which 
  have 
  a 
  

   tolerably 
  rapid 
  motion 
  forward, 
  reform 
  themselves 
  in 
  winter, 
  pro- 
  

   ducing 
  small 
  moraines. 
  

  

  Attention 
  may 
  also 
  be 
  called, 
  in 
  this 
  connection, 
  to 
  the 
  con- 
  

   tinuation 
  of 
  the 
  paper 
  by 
  C. 
  Rabot, 
  on 
  the 
  variation 
  in 
  length 
  of 
  

   Arctic 
  glaciers, 
  noticed 
  in 
  this 
  Journal 
  for 
  November, 
  189*7, 
  and 
  

   July, 
  1899. 
  The 
  first 
  of 
  these 
  papers 
  appeared 
  in 
  April, 
  1899, 
  

   and 
  others 
  have 
  followed 
  in 
  the 
  successive 
  months 
  up 
  to 
  and 
  

   including 
  November. 
  

  

  10. 
  On 
  Manganese 
  Nodules 
  found 
  at 
  Onybygambah, 
  New 
  South 
  

   Wales. 
  — 
  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  wide-spread 
  occurrence, 
  in 
  great 
  depths 
  

   of 
  the 
  ocean, 
  of 
  manganese 
  nodules 
  such 
  as 
  those 
  observed 
  by 
  

   the 
  Challenger 
  and 
  other 
  expeditions 
  (cf. 
  the 
  observations 
  by 
  

   Prof. 
  A. 
  Agassiz 
  on 
  p. 
  35 
  of 
  this 
  number), 
  it 
  is 
  interesting 
  to 
  

   note 
  a 
  description 
  of 
  somewhat 
  similar 
  nodules 
  by 
  W. 
  M. 
  

   Doherty, 
  as 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  Tweed 
  River 
  in 
  New 
  South 
  Wales, 
  

   Australia 
  (Australasian 
  Assoc. 
  Adv. 
  Science, 
  vii, 
  1898, 
  p. 
  33 
  9). 
  

   He 
  states 
  that 
  he 
  found 
  them 
  extensively 
  scattered 
  over 
  a 
  wide 
  

   area 
  in 
  the 
  neighborhood 
  of 
  Onybygambah. 
  They 
  varied 
  in 
  size 
  

   from 
  about 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  pea 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  Barcelona 
  nut; 
  they 
  were 
  

   sometimes 
  dark 
  and 
  glossy 
  on 
  the 
  exterior, 
  looking 
  like 
  seeds, 
  and 
  

   in 
  other 
  cases 
  dull 
  black. 
  A 
  small 
  part 
  of 
  them 
  were 
  perfectly 
  

   spherical, 
  but 
  the 
  majority, 
  though 
  tending 
  towards 
  this 
  form, 
  

   were 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  irregular. 
  They 
  were 
  so 
  soft 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  easily 
  

   broken 
  by 
  the 
  teeth. 
  Three 
  analyses 
  gave 
  the 
  following 
  results 
  : 
  

  

  