﻿146 
  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  chloride, 
  deposited 
  from 
  a 
  hot 
  saturated 
  solution 
  on 
  cooling, 
  which 
  

   crystals 
  are 
  colorless, 
  assume 
  gradually 
  a 
  rose 
  color; 
  this 
  color 
  

   being 
  assumed 
  the 
  more 
  rapidly 
  as 
  the 
  substance 
  is 
  more 
  strongly 
  

   radioactive. 
  Since 
  the 
  transformation 
  of 
  oxygen 
  into 
  ozone 
  

   requires 
  a 
  consumption 
  of 
  energy, 
  the 
  above 
  production 
  of 
  ozone 
  

   seems 
  to 
  prove 
  in 
  these 
  rays 
  a 
  continuous 
  evolution 
  of 
  energy. 
  — 
  

   O. 
  P., 
  cxxix, 
  823, 
  November, 
  1899. 
  g. 
  f. 
  b. 
  

  

  5. 
  On 
  the 
  Chemical 
  Action 
  of 
  JC-Pays. 
  — 
  The 
  interesting 
  

   results 
  of 
  M. 
  and 
  Mme. 
  Curie 
  just 
  given 
  have 
  led 
  Villard 
  to 
  

   publish 
  some 
  similar 
  observations 
  noticed 
  sometime 
  ago 
  with 
  

   X-rays. 
  When 
  a 
  Crookes 
  tube 
  has 
  been 
  in 
  use 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  the 
  

   glass, 
  as 
  is 
  well 
  known, 
  becomes 
  violet 
  in 
  color 
  in 
  that 
  portion 
  

   above 
  the 
  plane 
  of 
  the 
  anticathode, 
  i. 
  e., 
  on 
  the 
  spot 
  where 
  it 
  

   receives 
  the 
  cathodic 
  rays. 
  This 
  region 
  is 
  struck 
  both 
  by 
  the 
  

   cathodic 
  rays 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  X-rays 
  simultaneously. 
  To 
  determine 
  

   which 
  produces 
  the 
  effect, 
  the 
  author 
  surrounded 
  the 
  anticathode 
  

   of 
  a 
  focus 
  tube 
  with 
  a 
  large 
  glass 
  tube, 
  the 
  interior 
  walls 
  of 
  which 
  

   could 
  be 
  protected 
  against 
  the 
  cathode 
  rays 
  by 
  a 
  very 
  thin 
  plate 
  

   of 
  aluminum 
  which 
  is 
  very 
  transparent 
  to 
  the 
  X-rays. 
  A 
  sil- 
  

   houette 
  in 
  opaque 
  metal, 
  as 
  platinum 
  for 
  example, 
  could 
  be 
  inter- 
  

   posed 
  in 
  the 
  path 
  of 
  these 
  rays. 
  After 
  a 
  half 
  hour 
  of 
  action, 
  the 
  

   author 
  observed 
  that 
  when 
  no 
  aluminum 
  was 
  interposed, 
  the 
  tube, 
  

   if 
  of 
  flint 
  glass, 
  blackened 
  strongly 
  taking 
  a 
  bluish 
  tint 
  with 
  a 
  

   metallic 
  luster; 
  while 
  if 
  of 
  ordinary 
  glass 
  it 
  became 
  simply 
  

   brown; 
  both 
  being 
  cases 
  of 
  ordinary 
  cathode 
  reduction 
  such 
  as 
  is 
  

   produced 
  in 
  a 
  reducing 
  flame. 
  If 
  the 
  aluminum 
  be 
  interposed, 
  

   however, 
  it 
  arrests 
  the 
  cathode 
  rays 
  and 
  suppresses 
  this 
  reduction 
  

   completely 
  ; 
  and 
  now 
  only 
  a 
  violet 
  coloration 
  is 
  developed, 
  

   equally 
  with 
  both 
  kinds 
  of 
  glass. 
  This 
  effect 
  is 
  evidently 
  due 
  to 
  

   the 
  X-rays. 
  It 
  is 
  produced 
  only 
  above 
  the 
  plane 
  of 
  the 
  anti- 
  

   cathode 
  and 
  if 
  a 
  small 
  plate 
  of 
  platinum 
  be 
  interposed, 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   tected 
  region, 
  remains 
  colorless. 
  This 
  phenomenon 
  is 
  certainly 
  

   one 
  of 
  oxidation, 
  the 
  violet 
  color 
  being 
  due 
  probably 
  to 
  manga- 
  

   nese. 
  It 
  establishes 
  an 
  interesting 
  relation 
  between 
  X-rays 
  and 
  

   Becquerel 
  rays. 
  — 
  C. 
  P., 
  cxxix, 
  882, 
  November, 
  1899. 
  g. 
  f. 
  b. 
  

  

  6. 
  On 
  the 
  new 
  Element 
  Victorium. 
  — 
  By 
  means 
  of 
  long 
  con- 
  

   tinued 
  fractionations, 
  by 
  fusion 
  and 
  partial 
  decomposition 
  of 
  the 
  

   nitrates, 
  by 
  crystallization 
  of 
  the 
  oxalates 
  and 
  by 
  precipitation 
  

   with 
  potassium 
  sulphate, 
  resorted 
  to 
  in 
  succession, 
  Crookes 
  has 
  

   succeeded 
  in 
  isolating 
  from 
  the 
  earths 
  of 
  the 
  cerium 
  and 
  yttrium 
  

   groups 
  a 
  new 
  element 
  which 
  he 
  has 
  called 
  victorium. 
  Victoria 
  is 
  

   an 
  earth 
  of 
  a 
  pale 
  brown 
  color, 
  easily 
  soluble 
  in 
  acids 
  and 
  less 
  

   basic 
  than 
  yttria. 
  If 
  the 
  oxide 
  be 
  assumed 
  as 
  Vc 
  2 
  3 
  , 
  the 
  atomic 
  

   mass 
  of 
  victorium 
  is 
  about 
  117. 
  The 
  best 
  material 
  for 
  obtaining 
  

   its 
  phosphorescence 
  in 
  a 
  vacuum 
  tube 
  is, 
  not 
  the 
  earth 
  itself, 
  but 
  

   the 
  anhydrous 
  sulphate. 
  The 
  spectrum 
  contains 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  strong 
  

   lines 
  at 
  3120 
  and 
  3117 
  and 
  fainter 
  ones 
  at 
  3219, 
  3064 
  and 
  3060.— 
  

   Proc. 
  Boy. 
  Soc, 
  lxv, 
  237-243, 
  1899. 
  G. 
  f. 
  b. 
  

  

  7. 
  The 
  Elements 
  of 
  Physics, 
  for 
  use 
  in 
  High 
  Schools. 
  By 
  

   Henry 
  Crew, 
  Ph.D., 
  Professor 
  of 
  Physics 
  in 
  Northwestern 
  

  

  