﻿192 
  True 
  — 
  Toxic 
  Action 
  of 
  Acids 
  on 
  Lupinus 
  Albus. 
  

  

  In 
  general, 
  the 
  anions 
  of 
  organic 
  acids 
  possess 
  relatively 
  

   slight 
  toxic 
  properties, 
  oftentimes 
  well 
  nigh 
  so 
  slight 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  

   neglected, 
  as 
  in 
  acetic 
  and 
  hippuric 
  acids. 
  In 
  benzoic 
  acid, 
  

   and 
  especially 
  in 
  cinnamic 
  acid, 
  the 
  anions 
  are 
  distinctly 
  toxic 
  

   but 
  to 
  a 
  degree 
  relatively 
  slight 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  action 
  

  

  of 
  H 
  ions 
  or 
  of 
  the 
  undissociated 
  molecules. 
  

   + 
  

  

  Since 
  Na 
  ions 
  are 
  but 
  weakly 
  toxic 
  and 
  the 
  anions 
  are 
  often- 
  

   times 
  relatively 
  ineffective, 
  it 
  follows 
  as 
  a 
  rule 
  that 
  Na 
  salts 
  

   have 
  in 
  general 
  from 
  but 
  ^ 
  per 
  cent 
  to 
  3 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  the 
  toxic- 
  

   value 
  of 
  the 
  corresponding 
  acids. 
  

  

  Carboxyl 
  hydrogen, 
  as 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  above 
  organic 
  acids, 
  is 
  

   many 
  times 
  more 
  toxic 
  than 
  hydroxyl 
  hydrogen, 
  as 
  seen 
  in 
  car- 
  

   bolic 
  acid. 
  Since 
  practically 
  no 
  H 
  ions 
  are 
  formed 
  in 
  the 
  

   phenol, 
  the 
  Na 
  compound 
  gives 
  no 
  marked 
  change 
  of 
  the 
  

   toxic-limit. 
  

  

  Bibliography 
  cited. 
  

  

  (1) 
  Kahlenberg, 
  Louis, 
  and 
  True, 
  R. 
  H. 
  On 
  the 
  Toxic 
  Action 
  

   of 
  Dissolved 
  Salts 
  and 
  their 
  Electrolytic 
  Dissociation. 
  Prelimi- 
  

   nary 
  Paper, 
  Journ. 
  Am. 
  Med. 
  Assoc, 
  July 
  18, 
  1896. 
  

  

  (2) 
  Kahlenberg, 
  L. 
  and 
  True, 
  R. 
  H. 
  On 
  the 
  Toxic 
  Action 
  of 
  

   Dissolved 
  Salts 
  and 
  their 
  Electrolytic 
  Dissociation, 
  Bot. 
  Gaz., 
  

   xxii, 
  81, 
  1896. 
  

  

  (3) 
  Heald, 
  F. 
  D. 
  Toxic 
  Effect 
  of 
  Acids 
  and 
  Salts 
  upon 
  Plants, 
  

   Bot. 
  Gaz., 
  xxii, 
  125, 
  1896. 
  

  

  (4) 
  Kohlrausch, 
  F., 
  and 
  Holborn, 
  L. 
  Das 
  Leitvermoegen 
  der 
  

   Elektrolyte, 
  Leipzig, 
  1898, 
  p. 
  167. 
  

  

  (5) 
  Krannhals. 
  Zeitschr. 
  f. 
  physik. 
  Chemie, 
  v, 
  250, 
  1890. 
  Cit. 
  

   Ostwald, 
  Lehrb. 
  d. 
  allgem. 
  Chemie, 
  2 
  Aufl. 
  ii, 
  1. 
  

  

  (6) 
  Landolt 
  andBoernstein. 
  Physikalisch-Chemische 
  Tabellen. 
  

   2 
  Aufl., 
  p. 
  493, 
  Berlin, 
  1883. 
  

  

  (7) 
  Ostwald, 
  Zeitschr. 
  f. 
  physik. 
  Chemie, 
  iii, 
  170, 
  241 
  and 
  369, 
  

   1899. 
  Cited 
  in 
  Kohlrausch 
  and 
  Holborn. 
  (4) 
  above. 
  

  

  (8) 
  True, 
  R. 
  H. 
  and 
  Hunkel, 
  C. 
  G. 
  The 
  Poisonous 
  Effect 
  

   Exerted 
  on 
  Living 
  Plants 
  by 
  Phenols, 
  Bot. 
  Centralbl., 
  lxxvi 
  

   Nos. 
  9-12, 
  1898. 
  

  

  (9) 
  Bader, 
  R. 
  Zeitschr. 
  f. 
  physik. 
  Chemie, 
  vi, 
  p. 
  289. 
  

  

  