﻿Geology 
  and 
  Mineralogy. 
  303 
  

  

  nations 
  of 
  Dr. 
  G. 
  F. 
  Matthew. 
  The 
  " 
  Carboniferous 
  conglom- 
  

   erate 
  series," 
  lying 
  below 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  limestone 
  series, 
  was 
  

   formerly 
  correlated 
  with 
  the 
  Devonian 
  or 
  Old 
  Red 
  sandstone 
  of 
  

   England. 
  The 
  Carboniferous 
  limestone 
  series 
  underlying 
  the 
  

   Millstone 
  grit 
  occasionally 
  holds 
  marine 
  fossils. 
  w. 
  

  

  5. 
  Das 
  geotektonische 
  Problem 
  der 
  Glarner 
  Alpen 
  ; 
  von 
  A. 
  

   Rothpletz. 
  Pp. 
  251. 
  Atlas 
  of 
  x 
  plates 
  and 
  one 
  colored 
  map. 
  

   Jena, 
  1898 
  (Fischer). 
  — 
  The 
  complicated 
  structures 
  of 
  the 
  Glarner 
  

   Alps, 
  southeast 
  of 
  Zurich, 
  have 
  been 
  explained 
  as 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  a 
  

   remarkable 
  pair 
  of 
  folds 
  whose 
  crests 
  lean 
  towards 
  each 
  other 
  

   from 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  south, 
  covering 
  a 
  pouch-like 
  trough 
  ; 
  Heim 
  

   being 
  the 
  chief 
  exponent 
  of 
  this 
  view 
  in 
  his 
  celebrated 
  "Unter- 
  

   suchungen 
  ueber 
  den 
  Mechanismus 
  der 
  Gebirgsbildung 
  " 
  (1878). 
  

   For 
  some 
  fifteen 
  years 
  past, 
  Rothpletz 
  of 
  Munich 
  has 
  been 
  study- 
  

   ing 
  this 
  difficult 
  region, 
  and 
  his 
  results 
  contradict 
  the 
  conclusions 
  

   previously 
  announced. 
  His 
  latest 
  essay, 
  of 
  title 
  as 
  above, 
  leads 
  

   to 
  the 
  following 
  summary 
  : 
  The 
  undermost 
  or 
  basal 
  mountain 
  

   mass 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  closed 
  folds 
  of 
  all 
  formations 
  from 
  

   gneiss 
  to 
  Oligocene 
  ; 
  the 
  folds 
  lean 
  over 
  to 
  the 
  northwest. 
  This 
  

   basal 
  mass 
  has 
  been 
  completely 
  covered 
  by 
  overthrusts, 
  and 
  is 
  

   to-day 
  laid 
  bare 
  only 
  in 
  deeply 
  eroded 
  valleys. 
  The 
  first 
  over- 
  

   thrust, 
  a 
  deformed 
  mass 
  of 
  all 
  formations 
  from 
  gneiss 
  to 
  Eocene, 
  

   was 
  driven 
  over 
  the 
  basal 
  mass 
  from 
  the 
  east. 
  Two 
  later 
  over- 
  

   thrusts 
  were 
  shoved 
  on 
  from 
  the 
  northwest. 
  The 
  overthrust 
  

   masses 
  have 
  been 
  splintered 
  and 
  wedged; 
  the 
  thrust 
  surfaces 
  

   have 
  been 
  severely 
  scoured 
  ; 
  the 
  composite 
  mass 
  has 
  been 
  deeply- 
  

   eroded, 
  and 
  the 
  overthrusts 
  here 
  mentioned 
  as 
  single 
  masses 
  are 
  

   to-day 
  dissevered. 
  The 
  sources 
  of 
  the 
  overthrust 
  masses 
  lies 
  

   outside 
  of 
  the 
  field 
  of 
  study 
  and 
  must 
  be 
  searched 
  for 
  by 
  further 
  

   exploration. 
  Longitudinal 
  and 
  cross 
  faults 
  have 
  disturbed 
  the 
  

   composite 
  structure. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  cross 
  faults 
  are 
  associated 
  

   with 
  valleys; 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Linththal 
  in 
  particular 
  are 
  stated 
  to 
  

   have 
  produced 
  a 
  grabenAike 
  depression 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  direction, 
  

   breadth 
  and 
  depth 
  of 
  the 
  existing 
  valley 
  have 
  been 
  determined. 
  

  

  At 
  this 
  distance 
  from 
  a 
  field 
  in 
  which 
  controversy 
  has 
  been 
  

   ardently 
  carried 
  on 
  by 
  local 
  experts, 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  advisable 
  to 
  

   attempt 
  a 
  judgment 
  on 
  so 
  difficult 
  a 
  problem 
  as 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  

   the 
  Glarner 
  Alps. 
  One 
  observer 
  says 
  that 
  his 
  criticisms 
  of 
  

   earlier 
  work 
  have 
  fallen 
  on 
  deaf 
  ears 
  ; 
  an 
  earlier 
  observer 
  replies 
  

   that 
  his 
  critic 
  has 
  made 
  inaccurate 
  observations. 
  While 
  depre- 
  

   cating 
  the 
  polemic 
  thus 
  aroused, 
  we 
  may 
  hope 
  that 
  many 
  will 
  follow 
  

   the 
  example 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  geologists 
  who 
  announces 
  that 
  he 
  

   will 
  for 
  the 
  present 
  lay 
  down 
  his 
  pen 
  and 
  take 
  up 
  his 
  walking 
  

   stick, 
  with 
  the 
  promise 
  of 
  reporting 
  further 
  observations 
  and 
  

   conclusions 
  at 
  a 
  later 
  time. 
  w. 
  m. 
  d. 
  

  

  6. 
  Ore 
  Deposits 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  and 
  Canada 
  ; 
  by 
  J. 
  F. 
  

   Kemp; 
  3d 
  ed., 
  8vo, 
  pp. 
  481. 
  New 
  York 
  City, 
  1900. 
  (The 
  

   Scientific 
  Pub. 
  Co.) 
  — 
  The 
  great 
  development 
  of 
  mineral 
  

   resources 
  during 
  recent 
  years 
  has 
  resulted 
  not 
  only 
  in 
  opening 
  

   new, 
  extensive 
  and 
  varied 
  fields 
  to 
  industry, 
  but 
  has 
  afforded 
  

  

  