﻿362 
  T. 
  Holm 
  — 
  Studies 
  in 
  the 
  Cyperaoem. 
  

  

  few 
  stereome-cellw 
  on 
  the 
  leptome- 
  and 
  hadrome-side 
  separated 
  

   from 
  epidermis 
  by 
  the 
  palisade-tissue. 
  In 
  C. 
  elynoides 
  and 
  

   0. 
  filifolia 
  the 
  stereome 
  on 
  the 
  hadrome-side 
  is 
  separated 
  from 
  

   the 
  upper 
  epidermis 
  by 
  the 
  colorless 
  tissue, 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  largest 
  

   mestome-bundles. 
  Common 
  to 
  all 
  three 
  species 
  are 
  two 
  mar- 
  

   ginal, 
  hypodermal 
  groups 
  of 
  stereome 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  surface 
  of 
  

   the 
  leaf. 
  The 
  mestome-bundles 
  occur 
  as 
  large 
  and 
  small 
  ones, 
  

   in 
  regular 
  alternation 
  with 
  each 
  other. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  thin-walled, 
  

   green 
  parenchyma-sheath 
  and 
  a 
  mestome-sheath 
  with 
  thickened 
  

   inner 
  cell-wall 
  in 
  all 
  three 
  species 
  ; 
  in 
  C. 
  filifolia 
  and 
  O. 
  oreo- 
  

   charis 
  there 
  is, 
  moreover, 
  some 
  few 
  strata 
  of 
  thick- 
  walled 
  

   mestome-parenchyma 
  between 
  the 
  leptome 
  and 
  hadrome, 
  but 
  

   not 
  in 
  C. 
  elynoides. 
  Tannin-reservoirs 
  were 
  not 
  observed. 
  

  

  Utricidus. 
  

  

  The 
  structure 
  shows 
  a 
  thick- 
  walled 
  dorsal 
  epidermis 
  and 
  

   from 
  one 
  to 
  six 
  strata 
  of 
  colorless 
  parenchyma 
  between 
  this 
  

   and 
  the 
  ventral 
  epidermis 
  ; 
  in 
  C. 
  filifolia 
  the 
  dorsal 
  epidermis 
  

   has 
  developed 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  small, 
  rounded, 
  wart-like 
  protuber- 
  

   ances, 
  besides 
  many 
  erect, 
  sharply-pointed 
  prickles, 
  which 
  

   abound 
  near 
  the 
  apex 
  of 
  utriculus. 
  Similar 
  prickle-like 
  pro- 
  

   jections 
  are, 
  also, 
  observable 
  in 
  C. 
  oreocharis, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  

   so 
  numerous, 
  and 
  no 
  wart-like 
  protuberances 
  were 
  observed. 
  

   In 
  C. 
  elynoides 
  the 
  utricle 
  is 
  almost 
  wholly 
  glabrous. 
  Two 
  

   mestome-bundles 
  are 
  developed 
  in 
  utriculus 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  sup- 
  

   ported 
  by 
  stereome, 
  which, 
  furthermore, 
  occurs 
  as 
  isolated, 
  

   hypodermal 
  groups, 
  about 
  fifteen 
  in 
  each 
  species. 
  

  

  The 
  rhacheola 
  

  

  is 
  very 
  distinct 
  in 
  C. 
  filifolia 
  and 
  C. 
  oreocharis, 
  and 
  shows 
  a 
  

   very 
  thick-walled 
  epidermis, 
  a 
  compact 
  cortex 
  and 
  three 
  

   mestome-bundles 
  near 
  the 
  center, 
  each 
  partly 
  surrounded 
  by 
  

   groups 
  of 
  stereome. 
  The 
  rhacheola 
  bears 
  many 
  pointed 
  

   prickles 
  near 
  the 
  apex, 
  but 
  in 
  no 
  case 
  did 
  we 
  find 
  any 
  develop- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  rudimentary 
  leaves 
  or 
  flowers, 
  which 
  is, 
  otherwise, 
  

   not 
  uncommon 
  in 
  Oarex, 
  though 
  exceedingly 
  rare 
  in 
  the 
  mono- 
  

   stachyous 
  species. 
  

  

  In 
  summarizing 
  the 
  structural 
  characters 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  

   noticed 
  in 
  these 
  three 
  species 
  of 
  Carex, 
  it 
  seems 
  as 
  if 
  these 
  are 
  

   very 
  distinct 
  anatomically, 
  notwithstanding 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  they 
  

   are 
  all 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  a 
  dry 
  soil, 
  though 
  at 
  different 
  elevation. 
  

   Among 
  the 
  most 
  prominent 
  characteristics 
  may 
  be 
  recalled 
  the 
  

   constant 
  interruption 
  of 
  the 
  pericambium 
  by 
  the 
  proto-hadrome 
  

   in 
  C 
  elynoides, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  species 
  some 
  of 
  these 
  vessels 
  

   are 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  endodermis 
  ; 
  the 
  large 
  colorless, 
  lacu- 
  

   nous 
  tissue 
  in 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  C. 
  filifolia 
  and 
  C. 
  elynoides 
  in 
  con- 
  

  

  