﻿Ch 
  em 
  istry 
  an 
  d 
  Pit 
  ys 
  ics 
  . 
  443 
  

  

  sulphur 
  and 
  corresponds 
  to 
  the 
  formula 
  As 
  19 
  S. 
  — 
  J. 
  Chern. 
  Soc, 
  

   lxxvii. 
  651, 
  May, 
  1900. 
  

  

  3. 
  Relative 
  rates 
  of 
  Effusion 
  of 
  Argon, 
  Helium, 
  and 
  some 
  

   other 
  gases. 
  — 
  Prof. 
  Ramsay 
  and 
  Dr. 
  Collie 
  have 
  found 
  that 
  

   argon 
  and 
  helium 
  diffuse 
  through 
  a 
  plug 
  into 
  a 
  vacuum 
  with 
  

   velocities 
  which 
  are 
  higher 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  a 
  standard 
  gas 
  

   such 
  as 
  oxygen, 
  than 
  those 
  calculated 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  law 
  of 
  the 
  

   inverse 
  square 
  root 
  of 
  the 
  density. 
  F. 
  G. 
  Doxxax 
  seeks 
  to 
  ascer- 
  

   tain 
  the 
  relative 
  rates 
  of 
  flow 
  of 
  these 
  gases 
  through 
  a 
  small 
  hole 
  

   in 
  a 
  thin-walled 
  partition. 
  The 
  results 
  obtained 
  were 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  (1. 
  Argon 
  is 
  found 
  to 
  effuse, 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  oxygen. 
  3^ 
  

   per 
  cent 
  faster 
  than 
  as 
  calculated 
  by 
  the 
  law 
  of 
  the 
  inverse 
  square 
  

   root 
  of 
  the 
  density. 
  This 
  result 
  is 
  independent 
  of 
  any 
  masking 
  

   effect 
  due 
  to 
  viscosity. 
  

  

  (2.) 
  This 
  result 
  is 
  in 
  qualitative 
  agreement 
  with 
  the 
  adiabatic 
  

   theory 
  of 
  the 
  efflux 
  of 
  ideal 
  gases, 
  and 
  is, 
  if 
  this 
  may 
  be 
  granted, 
  

   a 
  confirmation 
  of 
  the 
  high 
  specific-heat 
  ratio 
  of 
  argon. 
  

  

  (3.) 
  When 
  the 
  viscosity 
  effects 
  are 
  eliminated 
  or 
  allowed 
  for, 
  it 
  

   is 
  found 
  that 
  hydrogen, 
  oxygen 
  and 
  carbon 
  monoxide 
  effuse 
  rela- 
  

   tively 
  in 
  the 
  manner 
  predicted 
  by 
  the 
  theory 
  for 
  ideal 
  gases 
  pos- 
  

   sessing 
  the 
  same, 
  or 
  nearly 
  the 
  same, 
  specific-heat 
  ratio. 
  

  

  (4.) 
  Carbon 
  dioxide, 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  oxygen, 
  appears 
  to 
  

   efluse 
  about 
  1 
  per 
  cent 
  faster 
  than 
  is 
  calculated 
  from 
  the 
  densi- 
  

   ties. 
  This 
  result 
  is 
  not 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  the 
  adiabatic 
  theory 
  

   of 
  the 
  efflux 
  of 
  ideal 
  gases. 
  

  

  (5.) 
  The 
  results 
  obtained 
  for 
  helium 
  are 
  not 
  uniform, 
  and 
  are 
  

   affected 
  by 
  a 
  viscosity 
  correction 
  depending 
  on 
  an 
  empirical 
  

   formula. 
  They 
  are 
  sufficient, 
  however, 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  behavior 
  

   of 
  helium 
  is 
  unlike 
  that 
  of 
  argon 
  — 
  a 
  result 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  foreseen 
  

   by 
  theory. 
  

  

  (6.) 
  If 
  account 
  be 
  taken 
  of 
  the 
  deviation 
  of 
  ordinary 
  gases 
  from 
  

   the 
  ideal 
  laws, 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  obtain 
  an 
  expression 
  for 
  the 
  efflux 
  

   which 
  contains 
  a 
  correction 
  term 
  involving 
  the 
  constant 
  K 
  of 
  

   the 
  Joule-Thomson 
  effect. 
  

  

  The 
  sign 
  of 
  this 
  correction 
  term 
  shows 
  that 
  a 
  real 
  gas 
  will 
  

   effuse 
  more 
  rapidly 
  or 
  more 
  slowly 
  than 
  an 
  ideal 
  gas 
  of 
  equal 
  

   density 
  and 
  specific 
  heat 
  ratio 
  according 
  as 
  K 
  is 
  positive 
  or 
  nega- 
  

   tive. 
  

  

  (8. 
  ) 
  The 
  suggestion 
  is 
  made 
  that 
  possibly 
  the 
  anomalous 
  results 
  

   obtained 
  with 
  carbon 
  dioxide 
  and 
  helium 
  may 
  be 
  thus 
  explained. 
  

   The 
  deviations 
  of 
  the 
  observed 
  results 
  from 
  the 
  results 
  calculated 
  

   for 
  an 
  ideal 
  gas 
  are, 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  C0 
  2 
  , 
  in 
  qualitative 
  accordance 
  

   with 
  the 
  theory 
  proposed. 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  helium 
  they 
  would 
  be 
  

   so 
  if 
  that 
  gas 
  possessed 
  a 
  negative 
  K. 
  — 
  Phil 
  Hag., 
  May, 
  1900, 
  

   pp. 
  423-446. 
  j. 
  t. 
  

  

  4. 
  Transmission 
  of 
  the 
  radiations 
  of 
  Radium 
  through 
  bodits. 
  — 
  

   In 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  an 
  investigation 
  on 
  this 
  subject 
  H. 
  Bbcqttkrel 
  

   shows 
  that 
  the 
  absorption 
  of 
  these 
  radiations 
  increases 
  with 
  the 
  

   distance 
  of 
  the 
  absorbing 
  body 
  from 
  the 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  rays. 
  The 
  

   absorption 
  is 
  doubtless 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  air 
  path. 
  — 
  Comptes 
  Rendus, 
  

   April 
  9, 
  1900, 
  pp. 
  979-984. 
  j. 
  t. 
  

  

  