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  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  zoologists 
  and 
  botanists, 
  as 
  for 
  example 
  certain 
  parasitic 
  and 
  

   other 
  forms 
  of 
  animal 
  life 
  are 
  grouped 
  with 
  particular 
  families, 
  

   though 
  they 
  differ 
  in 
  some 
  essential 
  respects, 
  because 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  

   shown 
  that 
  phylogenetically 
  they 
  are 
  related. 
  

  

  The 
  objection 
  can 
  be 
  raised 
  that 
  these 
  ideas 
  are 
  founded 
  on 
  

   hypotheses. 
  It 
  is 
  thought 
  that 
  our 
  present 
  knowledge 
  is 
  insuffi- 
  

   cient, 
  but 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  pointed 
  out 
  that 
  these 
  are 
  problems 
  to 
  be 
  

   solved 
  in 
  the 
  future, 
  and 
  that 
  petrography 
  is 
  the 
  same 
  now 
  as 
  

   botany 
  and 
  zoology 
  in 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Linnean 
  system. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  important 
  objection 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  Iddings, 
  that 
  different 
  

   genetic 
  rock 
  families 
  must 
  include 
  rocks 
  of 
  essentially 
  the 
  same 
  

   character 
  ; 
  thus 
  camptonites 
  may 
  occur 
  with 
  essexites 
  or 
  nephe- 
  

   line-syenites. 
  Classification 
  must 
  recognize 
  this 
  and 
  Iddings 
  is 
  

   right 
  in 
  so 
  far 
  that 
  rocks 
  like 
  the 
  foregoing 
  must 
  have 
  the 
  same 
  

   main 
  name, 
  thus 
  essextite-camptonite 
  and 
  foyaite-camptonite. 
  

   But 
  even 
  here 
  the 
  essexite-camptonite 
  will 
  differ 
  from 
  a 
  foyaite- 
  

   camptonite 
  enough 
  so 
  that 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  distinguished. 
  

  

  But 
  rocks 
  must 
  not 
  be 
  studied 
  as 
  mere 
  rock 
  specimens. 
  De- 
  

   scription 
  and 
  classification 
  are 
  two 
  different 
  things, 
  and 
  the 
  sepa- 
  

   ration 
  of 
  petrology 
  and 
  petrography 
  should 
  be 
  strongly 
  ob- 
  

   jected 
  to. 
  

  

  But 
  every 
  artificial 
  system 
  has 
  had 
  to 
  give 
  way 
  in 
  time 
  to 
  a 
  

   natural 
  one, 
  and 
  as 
  in 
  botany 
  petrographers 
  could 
  have 
  a 
  " 
  key 
  " 
  

   for 
  identification, 
  such 
  as 
  botanical 
  text-books 
  have. 
  But 
  the 
  two 
  

   are 
  essentially 
  and 
  in 
  reality 
  different. 
  Rocks 
  should 
  be 
  studied 
  

   as 
  they 
  occur 
  in 
  nature. 
  

  

  Every 
  separate 
  rock 
  of 
  given 
  chemical 
  and 
  mineralogical 
  com- 
  

   position 
  should 
  have 
  its 
  own 
  name, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  no 
  reason 
  for 
  giv- 
  

   ing 
  up 
  the 
  attempt 
  to 
  determine 
  and 
  express 
  genetic 
  relationships. 
  

  

  The 
  definition 
  and 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  different 
  rock 
  species 
  

   is 
  not 
  here 
  attempted. 
  A 
  very 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  names 
  is 
  neces- 
  

   sary 
  and 
  they 
  will 
  increase. 
  They 
  are 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  stopped 
  by 
  

   any 
  congress 
  or 
  popes 
  of 
  geology. 
  We 
  are 
  only 
  at 
  the 
  beginning. 
  

   But 
  even 
  if 
  names 
  should 
  be 
  ten 
  times 
  as 
  numerous 
  as 
  they 
  now 
  

   are, 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  matter, 
  neither 
  can 
  it 
  be 
  helped 
  since 
  they 
  are 
  

   necessary. 
  Botanists 
  and 
  zoologists 
  have 
  hundreds 
  of 
  thousands 
  

   of 
  names 
  as 
  arbitrary 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  petrography, 
  while 
  petrog- 
  

   raphers 
  have 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  hundreds 
  to 
  consider. 
  If 
  necessary 
  we 
  

   must 
  make 
  petrographical 
  dictionaries, 
  which 
  must 
  keep 
  pace 
  

   with 
  the 
  names. 
  

  

  Names 
  now 
  considered 
  as 
  type 
  names 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  

   "sack 
  names." 
  Species 
  will 
  be 
  split 
  up. 
  This 
  will 
  grow 
  out 
  of 
  

   the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  relations 
  of 
  consanguinity, 
  and 
  most 
  detailed 
  

   descriptions 
  are 
  necessary 
  to 
  know 
  the 
  relationships. 
  The 
  many 
  

   new 
  names 
  show 
  that 
  petrography 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  way 
  from 
  a 
  pre-Lin- 
  

   nean 
  and 
  Linnean 
  system 
  to 
  a 
  more 
  advanced 
  and 
  natural 
  one. 
  

  

  The 
  fear 
  of 
  the 
  deluge 
  of 
  new 
  names 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  children's 
  

   diseases 
  which 
  we 
  shall 
  soon 
  escape. 
  Michel-Levy's 
  dream 
  of 
  a 
  

   simple 
  system 
  of 
  classification 
  will 
  never 
  be 
  realized. 
  The 
  

   detailed 
  study 
  of 
  single 
  occurrences 
  is 
  the 
  real 
  basis 
  of 
  petro- 
  

   graphical 
  classification 
  and 
  this 
  will 
  necessitate 
  new 
  names. 
  

  

  H. 
  S. 
  WASHINGTON. 
  

  

  