148 C Schuckert — Russian Carboniferous and Permian. 



should be placed on a level with the Fusulina limestone of 

 Sicily. So far as it is possible to judge from its Cephalopoda, 

 the Chitichun fauna appears to be geologically younger. 

 Ammonites with ceratitic sutures such as Xenaspis carbo- 

 naria, or with complicated sutures, such as Cyclolobus Walkeri, 

 speak clearly in favour of a homotaxis of the Chitichun lime- 

 stone with true upper permian strata of Europe " (p. 57). 



" The evidence afforded by the two species of ammonites 

 which were collected by Walker, together with Noetling's 

 discovery of the true horizon of Xenaspis carbonaria in the 

 Productus limestone of the Salt Range, is sufficiently strong 

 to affect my view as to the correlation of the Chitichun lime- 

 stone with permian beds of other countries, and obliges me to 

 consider the latter as about homotaxial with the permian rocks 

 of Timor and as slightly younger than the Sosio limestone of 

 Sicijy. I am therefore compelled to admit the correctness of 

 Noetling's statement that there is at present no proof of the 

 existence of a fauna of Artinskian age in the Himalayas " (p. 

 58). 



Diener then takes up the " Correlation of the Anthracolithic 

 System in Spiti with the Carboniferous and Permian Systems 

 in Europe and India." 



" Wherever in Spiti a complete series of the anthracolithic 

 system is developed and well exposed, two groups can be recog- 

 nised and distinguished, as has been stated by Hay den. Both 

 groups are- separated by a great unconformity, and differ 

 remarkably in their faunistic character and in their lithological 

 features. 



" The group above the great unconformity, which corre- 

 sponds to the Productus shales of the Niti area, is much better 

 known than the lower division, because richer collections of 

 fossils have been examined " (p. 193). 



" The fossils to which the greatest stratigraphical importance 

 must be attributed are the ammonites of the two genera Cyclo- 

 lobus and Xenaspis. The presence of a species which is most 

 nearly allied if not actually identical with Cyclolobus Oldliami, 

 Waag., and the frequent occurrence of representatives of the 

 genus Cyclolobus, speak very strongly in favour of a correla- 

 tion with the upper Productus limestone of the Salt Range. 

 In the Salt Range Xenaspis carbonaria is, according to Noet- 

 ling, restricted to one single horizon only, namely, to the top 

 beds of the middle Productus limestone" (p. 195). 



" As faunistic elements of special interest in the Killing 

 shales of Spiti, Grypoceras sp. ind., Myophoriopis Kraffti 

 and Spirigera ci.protea var. alata may be quoted. The first 

 and second are remarkable for their decidedly triassic affinities, 

 the third belongs to a group of forms which has hitherto been 

 recorded only from the permian rocks of Djulfa " (p. 196). 



