E. Z. Furlong — Exploration of Samwel Cave. 243 



from the loose earth and gravel, also numerous teeth. Frag- 

 ments and split bones were plentiful. The breccia layer was 

 exceptionally rich in remains. Most of the specimens are in 

 a fine state of preservation. Those on the surface had a coat- 

 ing of stalagmite of varying thickness. When the stalagmite 

 was removed the bone was found to be white and fresh look- 

 ing although it contained no organic matter. The specimens 

 from the earth were more or less discolored though in good 

 condition. The bones of young individuals in some cases 

 were in a crumbling condition. In the gravel layers a thin 

 incrustation of stalagmite covered the bones. Some old 

 rodent burrows were dug into the upper layer of earth and in 

 these recent rodent remains were numerous. The fragmen- 

 tary material consisted principally of split pieces of narrow 

 bones. The pieces were in most instances gnawed around 

 their edges by rodents, the marks of the incisor teeth being 

 distinct. Some fragments show long grooves and roughened 

 places on the surface as if they had been crushed between the 

 teeth of large carnivores. 



The fossils in this deposit had access through the same open- 

 ing as the earth and gravel and were deposited with it. That 

 probably there were two distinct periods of deposition is 

 shown by a slight difference in fauna in its top and bottom 

 layers. In the lowest portion of the deposit ground-sloth 

 (Megalonyx?) teeth occur, but they are absent in the top layers. 

 So far there are 20 species recognized ; of these 8, or 40 per 

 cent, are extinct. 



Following is a list of species from the fissure deposit : — 



Ursits americamts Pallas. 



UrsiiSj n. sp. 



Vuipes, sp. 



Putorius arizonensis Mearns. 

 Aplodontia major Merriam C. H. 

 Aplodontia near major Merriam C. H. 

 Aplodontia rufa Ratinesque. 

 Arctomys, sp. 

 Lepus auduboni Baird. 

 Thomomys, sp. 



Thomomys monticola Allen. 



Citellus douglasi Richardson. 



Sciurus, sp. 



Erethizon epixanthus Brandt. 



Euceratherium collinum Sinclair and Furlong. 



Haplocems, sp. 



Odocoileus, sp. 

 Equus occidentalis Leidy. 

 Elephas, sp. (tooth fragment) 

 Megalonyx, sp. 



Am. Jour. Sci.— Fourth Series, Vol. XXII, No. 129.— September, 1906. 

 17 



