E. L. Furlong — Exploration of Samwel Cave. 245 



entrance is of considerable extent and fills a large space that 

 when clear would probably permit rajs of light to penetrate 

 to some of the deeper parts of the chamber. 



That bears and cougars prey on ungulates and smaller 

 mammals is well demonstrated in the present day, and the 

 finding of large quantities of scattered and broken ungulate 

 material, such as deer, Euceratherium, Preptoceras with many 

 rodents, as rabbits and gophers, supports the view that they 

 were brought in by carnivores. The large carnivore skeletons 

 were found in several cases to be nearly complete and but 

 little disturbed, and the supposition that the carnivores inhab- 

 ited the cave and were in the habit of dragging their prey to 

 the lair to feast on it at leisure, is probably correct. 



Following is a list of the species represented in chamber 

 two and in the deposit leading from the chamber. There are 

 21 species, of which 6, or 28*5 per cent, are extinct. \ 



JJrsus, n. sp. 



Ursus, sp. 



Urocyon townsendi Merriam C. H. 

 JProcyon near lotor Linn. 

 Fells near hippolestes Merriam C. H. 

 Mephitis occidentalis Baird. 

 Mustela, sp. 

 Aplodontia near major. 

 Erethizon epixanthus Brandt. 

 Lepus auduboni Baird. 

 Lepus, sp. 

 Mierotus, sp. 

 Neotoma fuscipes Baird. 

 JSTeotoma, sp. 

 Sciurus, sp. 



Citellus douglasi Richardson. 



Euceratherium collinum Sinclair and Furlong. 



Preptoceras sinclairi Furlong. 



Odocoileus, sp. (a) 



Odocoileus, sp. (b) 

 Meg atony x, sp. 



Age of Samwel Cave Fauna. 



The Samwel fauna through its percentage (over 30 per 

 cent) of extinct species, and its typical Quaternary species, as 

 the ground-sloth, Equus occidentalis, Teonoma spelceaf Ursus 

 n. sp., Elephas, Euceratherium and Preptoceras, establishes its 

 age as Quaternary. 



A comparison of the species from chamber one and chamber 

 two shows a greater percentage of extinct species from the 

 former. That the remains may have had entrance to chamber 

 one many years before it was possible for chamber two to be 



