282 The Indus-flood of 1858. [No. 3, 



For example, in the illustration I have given above, if the plug 

 began to rise again after it had reached the bottom of the river, a 

 hollow wave would be formed by the rushing back of the water to sup- 

 ply the vacuum caused under the plug. The hollow wave thus produced 

 is analogous to the convex wave, and would run along the canal after 

 the convex wave. If the plug were thrust down again and then raised 

 again, another pair of convex and concave waves would be formed. If 

 the rise and fall of the plug occupied six hours each, the action would 

 be like the influx and withdrawal of the tidal mass of water at the 

 Sandheads from the Bay of Bengal, and the convex and concave waves 

 would represent the high and low tides. In this mode of action a 

 concave or hollow always precedes, as well as follows, a convex wave. 



But in the case of the Indus there was only the addition of a 

 mass of water to the river as it was before the catastrophe took 

 place and the wave was formed, and no subtraction of water. A wave 

 of elevation only was, therefore, formed, which ran down the river 

 and passed off into the sea, spending much of its strength no doubt on 

 the way, and in part perhaps restoring the lost le vel which had arisen 

 from the stoppage of the supply. 



On the Flat-homed Taurine Cattle of S. E. Asia ; ivith a Note on 

 the Races of JRein Deer, and a Note on Domestic Animáis in 

 general. — By Ed. Blyth. 



The species of Bovine animáis (so far as known), whether recent 

 or fossil, resolve into three primary groups : viz. 



I. Bisontine. II. Taurine. III. Bubaline. Two of these groups 

 being again divisable as follow. 



I. Bisontine (adapted for a frigid climate). Subdivided into — 

 1. Ovibos (the ' Musk Ox' of the Arctic ' Barren grounds' of Ame- 

 rica ; but which, formerly, during the glacial epoch, was far more 

 extensively diffused, remains of this animal having been met with in 



