300 Oñ the Flat-horned Taurilie CattU of S. JE. Asia. [No. 3, 



Colebrooke, or the Gayál,] very common \ besides another small ldnd 

 of Cow, called by the Burmese Fhain, of which I saw footprints, 

 but never the living animal."* He does not mention the Gayál as 

 domesticated in the provinces ; and I am not aware that any other 

 writer has there noticed it at all. Still, I consider it highly probable 

 that the Gayál, in addition to the Gaour and Banteng for certain, 

 éxtends to the more elevated regions of the Malayan península. f 



The Banteng is the only species of the three which has been 

 observad in certain of the great islands of the archipelago. The 

 existence of a " wild Ox" in Borneo was long ago noticed by Beckman, 

 as cited by Pennant, who also recorded the occurreñce of such art 

 animal in Java, and had likewise (as we have seen) obtained intelli* 

 gence of one " with white horns" in the Indo-Chinese countries, 

 In Java, according to Raffies, "it ís found chiefly in the forests 

 eastward of Pásuran, and in Báli, though it also occurs in other 

 parts of Java." Dr. S. Müller remarks that the Banteng is found 

 in Java in territories which are seldom visíted by man, as well in 

 the foíests óf the plains and of the coast, as in those of the moun- 

 tains up to 4,000 ft., where it is tolerably common. " We have 

 likewise seen traces of it," he adds, "in Borneo, and have even 

 received a calf from the Dyáks about a month oíd. According to 

 Raines, it is also found in Báli, but in Sumatra it does not appear to 

 exist." In the Ef. E. península of Borneo it would seem to be numer- 

 ous. Thus, in a ' Sketch of Borneo,' pubüshed in Moor's Notes of the 

 Indian Archipelago, the writer remarks — " During the wet season, 

 the rivers swell and overflow their adjacent shores, and run down 

 with such continued rapidity, that the water may be tasted fresh 

 at sea at a distance of six or seven miles from their mouths. * * * 

 In the dry season the coast, from t-hese overflowings, presents to the 

 eye the richest enamelled fielcls of full grown grass for miles around. 

 It is at this season that whole herds of wild cat-tle range down from 

 the mountains of the interior to fatten on the plains, but during the 



* J. A. 8 VIII, 860. 



f The two species of Malayan wild cattle noticed as the Sapi and the Sapan- 

 dang, in the 'Journal of the Indian Archipelago' IV, 354 (as cited in J. A. S. 

 XXI, 433), refer, as I am novr satisfied, to the Gaour and the wild Buffalo. 

 Dr. Cantor describes the Gaour to be "numerons in the Malayan península^' 

 where known as the Sapi utan (literally ' wild Cow'), J. A. S. XV, 273. But he 

 enumérate» neither the Gayál ñor Banteng in the peninsular /««»«. 



