1857.] The Remains at Pagan. 3 



nand Mendez Pinto speaks of several other kingdoms on the 

 Irawadi ; but he is to be sure a very bad authority. Father 

 Sangermano also, in his abstract of the Burmese chronicles, appears 

 to speak of contemporary kings of Myen-zain or Panya, Ta-goung 

 and Tsa-gaing.* 



These instances may, however, originate only in the ambiguity of 

 the Burmese title Men, which is applied equally to Uie King of 

 England and to the Governor General of India, to the kini* of 

 Burma and to all the high dignitaries and princes of his provinces. 



The Empire of Prome came to an end, it is said, through civil 

 strife,f and one of the princes, in A. D. 107, flying to the north, 

 established himself at Pagan. According to the view taken by Craw- 

 furd and Burney, as well as Sangermano, the Burmese monarchy 

 continued under a succession of fifty-two or fifty-five princes, to the 

 end of the thirteenth century. 



But the authority quoted by Mr. Mason J (apparently an edition 

 of the royal chronicle) implies that the city founded, or re-founded, 

 in 107 was that of Upper Pagan on the Upper Irawadi closely 

 adjoining Tagoung, and that the Pagan of which we now speak was 

 not founded till 847 or 849. 



The site of upper Pagan has been visited by Captain Hannay in 

 1835, and by the Eev. Mr. Kincaird in 1837. 



Capt. Hannay says,§ " About a mile to the south of this 

 (Tagoung) is a place called Pagarn-myo, which is now a complete 



* Description of the Burmese Empire, pp. 42, 43. 



t The following quaint legend is related by Sangermano, On the day of the last 

 king's death it happened that a countryman's cornsieve, or winnowing fan, was 

 carried away by an impetuous wind. The countryman gave chase, crying out : 

 " Oh my cornsieve ! oh my cornsieve !" The citizens, disturbed by the clamour, 

 and not knowing what had happened, began likewise to cry, " Army of the Corn- 

 sieve! Soldiers of the Cornsieve!" A great confusion consequently arose and the 

 citizens divided themselves into three factions, who took up arms against one 

 another, and were afterwards formed into three nations, the Pyu, the Karan, and 

 the Burmese. (The Pyu were probably the people in the neighbourhood of 

 Prome ; Karan or Kanran the Aracanese. See Phayre in J. A. S. B. XIII. 29.) 



% Natural Productions of Burma, II. 450. 



§ M. S. Narrative of a journey from Ava to the Auiber-miues near the Assam 

 frontier. (In Foreign Office, Calcutta.) 

 B 2 



