32 The Remains at Pagdn. [No. 1. 



barized temples tliafc their full intention and true character can be 



rently risen again to brief independence during the anarchy which succeeded the 

 fall of the Peguan monarchy. 



In 1613, however, the king of Ava appeared on the field, and with a large army 

 besieged de Brito in Sirian, where the Portuguese leader made a desperate defence. 

 The king of Arracan, whom he had so grievously offended, sent 50 vessels to his 

 assistance, but they were captured by the Burmans. At last de Brito was betrayed 

 and carried to the king, who caused him to be " spitted," or impaled, and set up on 

 an eminence overlooking the Fort. In such misery he continued to live for two days. 

 His wife Donna Luisa de Saldanha was sent to Ava with the other captives.* 



The dominance of Ava over the lower provinces dates from this time. 



The king after having been crowned at Pegu, sent his brother to master the 

 southern states. He soon conquered Tavoy, and proceeded to besiege Tennas- 

 serim. Here Christopher Rebello, an outlaw from Cochin, with 40 Portuguese 

 and 70 slaves, in four galliots, attacked and routed the Burmese flotilla of 500 

 vessels.f 



A short time afterwards the king of Ava, fearing the vengeance of the Portu- 

 guese, should they unite with his rivals of Arracan and Siam, sent ambassadors 

 (to Goa apparently) to the Portuguese Viceroy, to apologise for the killing of de 

 Brito, and offering to join in an attack on Arracan. The Viceroy agreed, and sent 

 an envoy in turn, but he was treated with true Burman nonchalance, and nothing 

 resulted.^ 



Though Mr. Pitch, and possibly other wandering English merchants, had visited 

 Pegu in the preceding century, no English convoy had at that time come to the 

 Indian seas for trade. The East India Company was first established in 1599, when 

 Pegu was in the depths of its desolation. Hence, though our trade had spread far 

 to the eastward, no attempt at intercourse with the Irawadee delta had taken place 

 up to 1618. Curiously enough, the first intercourse originated from the east- 

 ward. A year or two before the period named, the English factor at Siam, Lucas 

 Anthonison by name, sent one Thomas Samuel to Zengomay (Zimme),§ to inquire 

 into the prospects of trade there. Zimme had been subject to the great king of 

 Pegu, but during the misfortunes of that monarchy in his son's time, had been 

 taken by the Siamese. The king of Ava, whose power had risen, as we have seen, 

 on the fall of Pegu, and who was extending his conquests over most of the pro- 

 vinces that had been subject to the latter, obtained possession of Zimme whilst 

 Samuel was there, and carried him, with other foreigners, to Pegu. There he 

 died, and his property was seized by the king. 



* Hist, of Disc, as above, III. 191. See also Modern Universal Histy. (1781,) 

 vol. VI. p. 202 ; and Purchas, V. 502 and 514. 

 t Hist, of Disc, as above, III. p. 197. 

 % Hist, of Disc. &c. p. 255. 

 § Called by the Siamese Chang-mai. 



